Association between essencial hypertension and bone mineral density

Abstract

Introduction. With society trending towards aging and unhealthy lifestyle changes the prevalence rate of essential hypertension (EH) and osteoporosis (OP) increases every year, to a point where they have become the two most common diseases in the world. Aim of the study. To highlight the relationship between essential hypertension (EH) and bone mineral density (BMD). Materials and methods. A systematic review on the published literature was conducted. 17 articles on the topic of association between EH and BMD were selected after searching PubMed, Medline, Medscape, and Google Scholar. The data were anaysed and statistically compared . Results. The 17 articles used have a total of 39,491patients. Of these, 13,375 were patients with EH and 26,116 were patients without EH. The most relevant meta-analysis results showed that EH can reduce the BMD of the lumbar spine (95% CI: −0.08∼0.01, P=0.006), femoral neck (95% CI: −0.09∼-0.02, p = 0.001), ward's triangle (95% CI: −0.45∼-0.25, p=0.000), femoral intertrochanteric (95% CI: −0.90∼-0.64, p = 0.000), calcaneus (95% CI: −0.31∼-0.18, p = 0.000) and distal forearm (95% CI: −0.09∼-0.03, p = 0.000), but EH cannot reduce the BMD of the femur rotor (95% CI: −0.07∼0.24, p = 0.273). Another valuable study showed that EH can reduce the BMD of the lumbar spine (95% CI: −0.11∼-0.03, p = 0.000) and femoral neck (95% CI: −0.11∼-0.07, p = 0.000) in Asian populations. In non-Asian populations, EH can reduce the BMD of the femoral neck (95% CI: 0.04∼0.19, p = 0.002), but cannot reduce the BMD of the lumbar spine (95% CI: −0.04∼0.11, p = 0.346). Conclusions. Summarizing the articles and results analysis suggests that EH can have a negative effect on BMD, for different parts of bone, the degree of reduction is different. Furthermore, the reduction level of BMD can vary for different regions and populations.