Etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment options of abfraction lesions

Abstract

Background. Abfraction lesions are noncarious cervical lesions that affect structural integrity, retention of dental plaque, tooth sensitivity, pulpal vitality and esthetics. The way in which abfraction lesions are restored and managed depends on the etiology and risk factors. Objective of the study. To establish the therapeutical treatment strategy of abfraction lesions. Material and Methods. 9 patients, 6 men and 3 women, between the ages of 26-63, were questioned and examined. The diagnosis of abfractions lesions was established according to careful history taking and proper clinical examination. Results. From 9 patients examined, 3 (33,3 %) patients have presented generalized abfraction lesions with the association with chronic marginal generalized periodontitis and 6 (67,7%) patients with localized abfraction lesions, from them 2 patients (33,3%) with unidental edentations and 4 patients (67,7%) with occlusal interferences. 6 patients with localized lesions presented the involvement of 13 teeth. From these teeth 10 (76,9 %) were premolars (4 upper and 6 lower), 3 (23,1 %) incisors (2 central lower and 1 lateral lower). As restorative treatment, 4 patients have received microfilled composite resin materials, 4 – nanohybrid composite resin materials, 1 - glass ionomer cement. Conclusion. Therapeutical treatment of abfraction lesions involves diagnosis establishment, etiological factor removal and restorative treatment. Microfilled, nanohybrid composite resins, glass ionomer or resin modified glass ionomer cements are a good choice for restoring abfraction lesions.