Etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer

Abstract

Introduction. The 5th most common cause of death among women is caused by ovarian cancer. According to the American Cancer Society, the risk of being diagnosed with ovarian cancer throughout life for women is 1 in 78. In the US, it is expected to be detected in 2023, 19,710 new cases of ovarian cancer and about 13,270 deaths from ovarian cancer. Aim of study. To study and analyze the current articles on etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer. Methods and materials. This abstract was done by exploring and analyzing medical publications from PubMed, Medscape, NCBI, MEDLINE. Results. Ovarian cancer is detected at an early stage only in 20-25%. Most often it is diagnosed in postmenopausal women. The primary risk factor is a family history of ovarian or breast cancer. First-line investigations include detection of CA-125 marker in blood and transvaginal ultrasonography. In addition, abdominal and pelvic CT, PET scanning and MRI of the pelvic region can be used to visualize the extension of the tumor. Currently, ovarian cancer treatment consists of combining surgery with chemotherapy. According to the latest data, laparoscopic surgery is preferred, as it is less invasive and has a faster recovery than debulking operations. Tumor progression and tumor recurrence occurs more frequently in advanced stages. Conclusion. Currently, ovarian cancer remains one of the most common causes of lethality in women, the main cause being the lack of effective strategies for early detection of ovarian cancer. The latest studies show that median survival for stage 1 ovarian cancer is between 70% and 90%, and for stage 4 it is less than 6%. According to the American Cancer Society, the risk of be ing diagnosed with ovarian cancer throughout life for women is 1 in 78. In the US, it is expect ed to be detected in 2023, 19,710 new cases of ovarian cancer and about 13,270 deaths from ovari an cancer. Aim of study. To study and analyze the current articles on etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer. Methods and materials. This abstract was done by exploring and analyzing medical publications from PubMed, Medscape, NCBI, MEDLINE. Results. Ovarian cancer is detected at an early stage only in 20-25% . Most often it is diagnosed in postmenopausal women. The primary risk factor is a family hi story of ovarian or breast cancer. First-line investigations include detection of CA-125 marker in blood and transvaginal ultrasonography. In addition, abdominal and pelvic CT, PET scanning and MRI of the pelvic region can be used to visualize the extension of the tumor . Currently, ovarian cancer treatment consists of combining surgery with chemotherapy. According to the latest data, laparoscopic surgery is preferred, as it is less invasive and has a fas ter recovery than debulking operations. Tumor progression and tumor recurrence occurs more frequentl y in advanced stages. Conclusion. Currently, ovarian cancer remains one of the most com mon causes of lethality in women, the main cause being the lack of effective strat egies for early detection of ovarian cancer. The latest studies show that median survival for stage 1 ov arian cancer is between 70% and 90%, and for stage 4 it is less than 6%.