Study of the chemotherapy treatment of patients with malignant melanoma with distant metastases during the years 2018-2022 within the IMSPIO of the Republic of Moldova

Abstract

Introduction. Malignant melanoma is one of the most aggressive malignant tumors in the world, and the incidence and mortality increase annually due to the multitude of risk factors and insufficient information among the population. The treatment of malignant melanoma is based on the combined and complex one, depending on the stage of the tumor, the clinical form, the general condition and the comorbidities of the patient. Because it is a very aggressive and progressive pathology, multiple metastases can be detected during the treatment, which make this disease even more difficult and, unfortunately, an unfavorable evolution. Aim of study. Study of the chemotherapy treatment of patients with malignant melanoma with distant metastases during the years 2018-2022 within the IMSPIO of the Republic of Moldova Methods and materials. The study included a total of 85 patients with malignant melanoma who underwent chemotherapy treatment from the Chemotherapy I, II and III department of the IMSP Oncological Institute from 2018-2022. Results. From the total number of 85 patients studied - 48 (56.4%) were diagnosed with the progression of the tumor process, of which the most with metastases in the regional lymph nodes 38 (79.1%), followed by lung and pleural metastases 12( 25%), liver metastases 9(18.7%), skin metastases 4(8.3%), brain metastases 4(8.3%). The ratio of women to men is 41 (85%) men and 7 (14.5%) women, the majority of whom are between the ages of 55-60. Most of the patients included in the study 77 (90.5%) followed the CVD polychemotherapy treatment scheme - 5 (5.8%), 4 (8.3%) after the CVDI scheme, 3 (3.5%) after the TP scheme. In 34 (40%) patients, metastases were diagnosed and removed at the stage of surgical treatment, these are the regional lymph nodes, and another 14 (16.4%) cases of metastases appeared during immunotherapy or chemotherapy treatment, and in 3 ( 6.25%) cases the surgical treatment was initially palliative due to the presence of distant metastases. Conclusion. More and more studies are focused on the chemo/immunotherapy treatment of malignant melanoma and metastases, however, they retain their aggressiveness depending on the stage of the tumor. Research abroad shows us new possibilities, results and higher effectiveness of treatments compared to the Republic of Moldova, with various treatment schemes and more informative molecular genetic diagnosis. and the incidence and mortality increase annually due to the multitude of risk factors and insufficient information among the population. The treatmen t of malignant melanoma is based on the combined and complex one, depending on the stage of the tumor, the clinical form, the general condition and the comorbidities of the patient. Because it is a very aggressive and progressive pathology, multiple metastases can be detected during the treatment, which make this disease even more difficult and, unfortunately, an unfavorable evolutio n. Aim of study. Study of the chemotherapy treatment of patients with m alignant melanoma with distant metastases during the years 2018-2022 within the IMSPI O of the Republic of Moldova Methods and materials. The study included a total of 85 patients with malignant mela noma who underwent chemotherapy treatment from the Chemotherapy I, II and III department of the IMSP Oncological Institute from 2018-2022. Results. From the total number of 85 patients studied - 48 (56.4%) were di agnosed with the progression of the tumor process, of which the most with metastases in the regional lymph nodes 38 (79.1%), followed by lung and pleural metastases 12( 25%), live r metastases 9(18.7%), skin metastases 4(8.3%), brain metastases 4(8.3%). The ratio o f women to men is 41 (85%) men and 7 (14.5%) women, the majority of whom are between the ages of 55-60. Most of the patients included in the study 77 (90.5%) followed the CVD polychemothera py treatment scheme - 5 (5.8%), 4 (8.3%) after the CVDI scheme, 3 (3.5%) after the TP scheme. In 34 (40%) patients, metastases were diagnosed and removed at the stage of surgic al treatment, these are the regional lymph nodes, and another 14 (16.4%) cases of metastases appea red during immunotherapy or chemotherapy treatment, and in 3 ( 6.25%) cases the surgi cal treatment was initially palliative due to the presence of distant metastases. Conclusion. More and more studies are focused on the chemo/immunothe rapy treatment of malignant melanoma and metastases, however, they retai n their aggressiveness depending on the stage of the tumor. Research abroad shows us new possibiliti es, results and higher effectiveness of treatments compared to the Republic of Moldova, with various treatment schemes and more informative molecular genetic diagnosis.