Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding hepatitis B and C among students at "Nicolae Testemițanu" State University of Medicine and Pharmacy

Abstract

Introduction. Viral hepatitis B and C represent significant global public health challenges with a profound impact on the population. Students at the "Nicolae Testemitanu" State University of Medicine and Pharmacy (USMF) are future medical professionals who will play a crucial role in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of these conditions. In this context, emphasizing the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of students regarding viral hepatitis B and C becomes essential for developing effective educational programs and awareness strategies. Aim of study. The aim of this study is to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices among USMF students regarding viral hepatitis B and C, identifying potential gaps and providing a foundation for improving education and awareness in the field. Methods and materials. To achieve the stated objective, a cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured questionnaire randomly distributed to USMF students from years 1 to 6. The questionnaire included questions about basic knowledge of hepatitis B and C, attitudes towards affected patients, and practices related to hepatitis prevention and control. Data were collected and analyzed using statistical methods, Microsoft Excel, and EpiInfo. Results. A total of 152 students were surveyed. The cause of infection with hepatitis B and C was correctly mentioned by 93.4% and 92.1%, respectively, while others cited bacteria or drugs. 82.9% believe that HBV can be prevented through vaccination, 48.7% believe that HCV can be prevented through vaccination, 56.6% believe that HBV can be treated, and 51.3% believe that HCV can be treated. 96.1% and 94.1%, respectively, consider blood and amniotic fluid to pose a risk of infection with viral hepatitis B and C. 21.7%-25.0% consider urine to be a way of transmission, 36.2%-34.2% consider hepatitis B and C can be transmitted through saliva. 47.4% of respondents believe that HBV can be transmitted through breast milk, while 44.1% mentioned HCV. 65.1% believe that HBV can be transmitted from mother to fetus during pregnancy, and 60.5% mentioned HCV. 85.5% believe that HBV can be transmitted sexually, and 80.3% believe the same for HCV. Conclusion. The study highlights the urgent need to improve the education level and awareness of USMF students regarding viral hepatitis B and C. The implementation of training programs, along with the promotion of non-stigmatizing attitudes and effective prevention practices, represents critical directions for the future. Active involvement of faculty and educational authorities is essential to ensure the proper training of future medical professionals.