http://repository.usmf.md:80/handle/20.500.12710/24189 2026-04-09T08:36:26Z 2026-04-09T08:36:26Z http://repository.usmf.md:80/handle/20.500.12710/24279 2023-05-10T11:55:45Z 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: „Cells and tissues transplantation. Actualities and perspectives” dedicated to the 10th anniversary of the founding of the Human Tissue and Cells Bank and to the 15th anniversary of the founding of the Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Cells Culture of Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy of the Republic of Moldova, March 17-18th 2023, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova

2023-01-01T00:00:00Z Abu Anem, Abd Alaziz Hacina, Tamara http://repository.usmf.md:80/handle/20.500.12710/24278 2023-05-10T11:46:41Z 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Variability of the venous drainage of brain Authors: Abu Anem, Abd Alaziz; Hacina, Tamara Abstract: Background. Chronic venous dyscirculation of the brain is one of the most common forms of cerebrovascular pathology, while the numerous scientific papers on the cerebral vessels are more concerned with the arterial system. Materials and methods. Thе 121 scientific sources were searched in databases: PubMed, Elsevier, Hinari. Ten formalin-fixed anatomical specimens of the human head from the muzeum, as well as, from dissecting room were analyzed. Results. According to numerous studies, only three dural sinuses are relatively constant - the superior sagittal, straight and cavernous. Thus, the presence of the superior sagittal, stright and cavernous sinuses was in 100% of cases, while others may be aberrant, hypoplastic, asimetric, bifid, double, triple, septated or absent. The main variations of the venous anatomy of the dural sinuses are: a- the bifid superior sagittal sinus connects to one transverse sinus and the straight sinus to the other; b-the superior sagittal sinus and straight sinus are forked with the connection to the left and the right transverse sinuses; c) torculum variations. Only three anastomotic veins are relatively constant: a - Superior anastomotic vein of Trolard; b - Superficial middle cerebral vein; c - Inferior anastomotic vein of Labbé. With the exception of wide variations of basal vein, the deep system is rather constant compared to the superficial venous system. There is no constancy in the formation of venous circles of the brain. There is a number of researches indicating differences in the venous circles of the base of brain in individuals of various constitutional types. There are variants of diploic veins, with regard to their sizes and anastomosеs. Conclusion. Considering the frequency of chronic venous circulation of the brain and the role of venous bed in the development of this pathology, more attention should be paid to the study of all links of the venous bed of head.

2023-01-01T00:00:00Z Verdes, Irina Capcelea, Svetlana http://repository.usmf.md:80/handle/20.500.12710/24277 2023-05-10T11:45:05Z 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Novel treatment strategies for autism spectrum disorder based on cellular therapy and genomics Authors: Verdes, Irina; Capcelea, Svetlana Abstract: Background. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heterogeneous neurodevelopmental and behavioral disorder, that still does not have a known treatment for core behavioral disorders. However, there is an increasing amount of ongoing clinical trials, set out to discover novel psychopharmacological mechanisms, cell transplantation methods, epigenetic regulation, and agents affecting the immune system that show promise in the treatment of ASD. Methods. The current publication is based on narrative review, synthesizing the insight of clinical trials in determining the efficacy of novel ASD treatments from the fields of genomics, cellular therapy, and systems biology. The studies were selected from Science Direct, Springer Link, Oxford Academic, the National Library of Medicine, Nature, MDPI, PubMed, and Genome Medicine. In the study were included only publications with approved clinical trial design methodology, published in the years 2015-2022. Results. Cell-based therapies have been found efficacious and recommended for ASD to address the neurobiological changes and core behavioral disorders stemming from such changes. The most promising one is stem cell transplantation from autologous umbilical cord blood (AUCB), being proven to be safe and effective in developing social and communication abilities by increasing white matter connectivity in the brains structure, the mechanism is presumed to decrease neural inflammation through the paracrine effect of the stem cells. Another effective novel molecular treatment is the transcriptional regulation targeting agent tideglusib which has the potential to alleviate core symptoms. Furthermore, numerous agents targeting synaptic networks, and immune system cells (astrocytes and microglia) have been trialed for ASD and correlated with improvement of symptomatology in clinical trials. Conclusions. The current research of cellular therapy in ASD treatment shows promising positive outcomes, but there is an ongoing necessity for placebo-controlled double-blind trials to achieve definitive results, likewise, it requires collaboration and access to progressive genetic testing in genomics and measurement methods to further progress toward identifying the genetic pathogenesis and novel therapeutics in ASD.

2023-01-01T00:00:00Z Ashkar, Laila Babuci, Angela Zorina, Zinovia http://repository.usmf.md:80/handle/20.500.12710/24276 2023-05-10T11:41:30Z 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Anatomical peculiarities of the stylomastoid foramen and mastoid segment of the facial canal Authors: Ashkar, Laila; Babuci, Angela; Zorina, Zinovia Abstract: Background. The facial canal comprises three segments and each of them has some specific features. The labyrinthic segment is the narrowest one, and it extends from the bottom of the internal acoustic meatus up to the geniculum canalis facialis, from which starts the tympanic (horizontal) segment and at the level of the second bending of the facial canal, it continues with the mastoid (vertical) segment. Materials and methods. The study was carried out at the Department of anatomy and clinical anatomy of Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova. The structural peculiarities of the stylomastoid foramen (SMF) and of the mastoid segment of the facial canal (MSFC) and their morphometric parameters were examined on 55 temporal bones. The feasibility of two bony landmarks used in facial nerve surgery was analyzed. One of the landmarks was represented by the distance between the apex of the mastoid process and the posterior margin of the SMF, and the second one was equal to the distance between the anterior margin of the SMF and base of the styloid process (SP). Results. Out of the total number of samples, 25 temporal bones were from the right side and 30 bones from the left side. The shape of the SMF was variable: round shape, transverse and longitudinal oval shapes, semilunar and irregular shapes. Double SMF and double MSFC were revealed in two cases. The transverse diameter of the SMF had a mean value of 2.6 mm ± 0.78 (1.5- 5 mm); the right/left mean value was 2.7/2.6 mm (p=0.823). The mean value of the longitudinal diameter of the SMF was 3.0 mm ± 0.99; the right/left – 2.8/3.1 mm (p=0.318). The minimal value of the MSFC length was 5 mm and the maximal length was 25 mm, with a mean value of 15.3 ± 3.98; the right/left mean was 15.2/15.6 (p=0.718). The angle formed between the course of the MSFC and vertical line traced along the posterior margin of the external acoustic meatus had a minimum value of 10° and a maximum value of 168°, with a mean equal to 111.6° ± 26.73; the right/left mean was 113.3°/108.7° (p=0.548). The mean distance between the apex of the mastoid process and posterior margin of the SMF was 13.2 mm ± 3.54 (2-19 mm); the right/left mean was 12.7/14.0 (p=0.208). The distance between the anterior margin of the SMF and base of the SP had a mean of 2.4 mm ± 1.28 (1-6 mm); the right/left mean was 2.4/2.6 mm (p=0.504). Conclusions. The shape of the SMF is variable, its transverse diameter was higher on the right side, but the longitudinal one – on the left side. The angle between the MSFC had a wide range of variation and its mean value was higher than 90°. The mean value of the both landmarks were higher on the left side bones.

2023-01-01T00:00:00Z