http://repository.usmf.md:80/handle/20.500.12710/27267 Tue, 14 Apr 2026 09:12:27 GMT 2026-04-14T09:12:27Z http://repository.usmf.md:80/handle/20.500.12710/27360 Title: Bridging theory and practice: enhancing medical education through simulation-based training methods Authors: Romancenco, Andrei; Saratila, Iurie; Ababii, Ion; Rojnoveanu, Gheorghe; Dandara, Otilia; Spinei, Larisa Abstract: Introduction. With the complexities of contemporary healthcare systems and the paramount importance of high-quality patient care, Simulation-Based Medical Education (SBME) has emerged as a pivotal innovation in the process of training healthcare professionals. This study explores the integration of SBME in undergraduate medical education to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and clinical practice, thereby preparing students with the necessary competencies for effective healthcare delivery. Material and methods. Employing a narrative review approach, this study meticulously examined relevant literature from multiple databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, and MedEdPublish. Following objectives, we chose the sources that were best suited to explore our research questions, focusing on keywords such as „simulation”, „undergraduate medical education”, „simulation-based medical education”, „theoretical frameworks”, „procedural framework” „curriculum design”, „training efficacy”, and „training evaluation” with no restriction for the date of publications. Results. The review identified foundational educational theories underpinning SBME, such as Experiential Learning Theory and Adult Learning Theory, and traced the evolution of simulation methods from simple anatomical models to sophisticated high-fidelity simulators and virtual reality technologies. Various simulation techniques, including task trainers, manikins, and standardized patients, were analyzed for their educational value. Significant benefits of SBME, such as enhanced safety, repeatability, and adaptability, were highlighted alongside challenges like high costs and limited access. Comparative analysis revealed SBME’s advantages over traditional clinical education, particularly in learning efficiency and scalability. Conclusions. SBME represents a transformative approach in undergraduate medical education, offering a dynamic and interactive learning environment that significantly enhances clinical skills, critical thinking, and confidence. Despite its challenges, the integration of simulation-based methodologies into medical curricula is essential for addressing the evolving needs of medical training and improving patient care outcomes. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to assess the long-term impact of SBME on clinical practice and explore the integration of emerging technologies to enhance the efficacy and accessibility of simulation-based training. Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.usmf.md:80/handle/20.500.12710/27360 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.usmf.md:80/handle/20.500.12710/27359 Title: Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF): its function in proliferative diabetic retinopathy management Authors: Șcerbatiuc, Cristina Abstract: Introduction. Among working-age adults, diabetes is a primary cause of visual impairment. Pan-retinal photocoagulation, the standard treatment for proliferative diabetic retinopathy, is effective but comes with well-established adverse effects, including limitations on the peripheral visual field. The mechanism of vascular proliferation is thought to be triggered by vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF). Anti-VEGF medications have been studied extensively in the treatment of diabetic macular edema, and the results suggest that treatment with anti-VEGF medications causes a decrease in diabetic retinopathy. Anti-VEGF therapies can be used to treat underlying proliferative diabetic retinopathy in cases of vitreous bleeding when platelet-rich plasma cannot be used, delaying, or reducing the necessity for a vitrectomy. However, the limitations of anti-VEGF therapy require careful patient selection and constant observation. Recent clinical trials and recommendations for the use of anti-VEGF in proliferative diabetic retinopathy are presented in this review. Material and methods. The effectiveness of anti-VEGF medicines in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy was the subject of a comprehensive review of the scientific and medical literature. A structured search was performed in the PubMed, Scopus, and HINARI databases, considering relevant articles published in the last 10 years. The search terms used (in English) were: “angiogenesis inhibitors”, “anti-VEGF”, “pan-retinal photocoagulation”, “intravitreal injection”, “diabetic retinopathy”. Accurate diagnosis, side effects, quality of life, and patient satisfaction were analyzed and compared for each treatment option. Results. Anti-VEGF treatments have been demonstrated to be beneficial in reducing macular edema, enhancing visual acuity, and slowing the advancement of diabetic retinopathy. While generally safe, different anti-VEGF medicines have varied side effects profiles. Conclusion. When choosing an anti-VEGF treatment for diabetic retinopathy, factors such as patient satisfaction, quality of life, side effects, and correct diagnosis should be taken into account. While anti-VEGF treatments show promise, further study is required to fully understand their advantages and disadvantages and to optimize their application. Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.usmf.md:80/handle/20.500.12710/27359 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.usmf.md:80/handle/20.500.12710/27358 Title: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the population regarding viral Hepatitis B and C worldwide: a systematic literature review Authors: Călugăreanu, Valentin Abstract: Introduction. The term “hepatitis” implies liver damage by inflammatory cells, a condition with numerous origins. Viruses, predominantly hepatitis B and C viruses cause most cases of hepatitis, which can lead to chronic liver diseases. Assessing the general knowledge and awareness of the population regarding viral hepatitis is crucial for developing targeted and effective strategies to address these epidemics. This knowledge can help tailor interventions for different population strata, such as youth and adults, thereby enhancing the impact of prevention and care efforts. Materials and methods. An exhaustive search of relevant literature was performed in electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Key terms included “viral hepatitis B,” “viral hepatitis C,” “knowledge,” “attitudes,” “practices,” and “population.” Articles included in the analysis were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results. In a Nigerian hospital, 33% of healthcare workers lacked knowledge of hepatitis B, and 35% were not immunized. In an Iraqi study, 75% believed HBV is more easily transmitted than HIV, and 33.9% knew HBV could spread through toothbrushes. In India, most medical students were aware of hepatitis B (84.8%). Their knowledge about transmission through blood transfusion (81.06%) and needles (74.1%) was good, but they had poor knowledge about other modes of transmission and clinical features. A study in Tehsil Wazirabad, Gujranwala found good knowledge about hepatitis C transmission and symptoms. In Saudi Arabia, dental students revealed insufficient knowledge about hepatitis B infection. Practice levels varied, with 47.2% showing high practice and 22% low practice. Female participants exhibited higher knowledge, attitudes, and practices. In Gauteng province, South Africa, a 2015 study found that healthcare workers had inadequate knowledge of viral hepatitis. The average knowledge score was 2.0 out of 6, while practice and attitude scores were higher. Conclusions. A significant difference in knowledge levels regarding viral hepatitis B and C was highlighted within the population. The overall level of knowledge regarding viral hepatitis B and C remains inadequate among both medical personnel and the general population. There is a growing need for education and awareness about viral hepatitis B and C. Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.usmf.md:80/handle/20.500.12710/27358 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.usmf.md:80/handle/20.500.12710/27357 Title: Inhibitory hemophilia: contemporary treatment with emicizumab. Considerations for pediatric practice Authors: Agachi, Dorina; Țurea, Valentin; Eșanu, Galina Abstract: Introduction. This article provides an overview of current knowledge and global experience regarding the use of emicizumab, with a focus on its specific considerations in pediatric practice. Emicizumab, a monoclonal antibody, operates uniquely compared to other therapies. It has been approved in Moldova since 2019 for preventing bleeding in hemophilia patients. Significant data from clinical studies and accumulated clinical practice provide answers to most questions physicians have when prescribing emicizumab. The article presents recommendations based on current information and global experience to aid decision-making in emicizumab usage. The purpose of this article is to provide information on management tactics for pediatric patients with hemophilia A receiving emicizumab. Materials and methods. Over 40 publications were reviewed, consisting of recommendations, study results, and observations related to emicizumab use in pediatric patients with Hemophilia A. Results. In 2017, emicizumab became the first registered non-factorial therapy for Hemophilia A. It was approved for use in treating the inhibitory form of the condition. In 2018, indications for emicizumab were expanded to include patients with the inhibitory form of hemophilia A and severe hemophilia A without inhibitors. Emicizumab is used to prevent bleeding and is not intended to stop an already occurring bleeding. If bleeding has occurred, the patient will need to be prescribed FVIII or bypassing agents. Emicizumab is administered as a loading dose of 3 mg/kg once a week for the first 4 weeks, followed by a maintenance dose of 1.5 mg/kg once a week, 3 mg/kg once every two weeks, or 6 mg/kg once every four weeks. The dose is based on the patient’s body weight, which needs regular monitoring. If a dose is missed, it should be administered as soon as possible before the next scheduled dose, and the injection schedule should not be altered. Emicizumab can be used in children under one year to prevent bleeding. Conclusions. Hemophilia, caused by a deficiency in coagulation factors VIII or IX, is a bleeding disorder. The main treatment-related complication in hemophilia patients is the development of inhibitors – alloantibodies that neutralize the procoagulant activity of infused FVIII or factor IX. The reasons why only 20%-30% of Hemophilia A patients develop inhibitors remain a challenge. Emicizumab, a bispecific monoclonal antibody, bridges the gap between activated factor IX and factor X to replace the missing activated factor VIII, thereby restoring hemostasis. Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.usmf.md:80/handle/20.500.12710/27357 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z