Cardiac manifestations in type 2 myocardial infaction

Abstract

Introduction. Type 2 myocardial infarction (T2MI) happens secondary to ischemia due to an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand. Causes are usually different from a plaque rupture (for example: anemia, coronary spasm, tachycardia, hypertension, hypotension). This categorization is used since 2012, but, limited data is available regarding patients profiles. Aim of the study. To analyze the literature and to describe the clinical characteristics of the patients. Materials and methods. We conducted an electronic search in ScienceDirect and PubMed using the words "type 2" or "type II", "myocardial infarction" and "characteristics" and "manifestations", date limited from 2008 when first definition was introduced. Results. The main findings of this study confirm the difficulty in the differential diagnosis between patients with T2MI and T1MI, still, the symptoms of T2MI differs from those of T1MI. Atypical chest pain is the most frequent manifestation of T2MI. Among the most often clinical findings were symptoms like dyspnea, syncope, arrhythmias. When comparing the groups, patients with T2MI had higher cardiac rhythm. Furthermore, rales, leg edema and cardiomegaly on radiography were more common. Moreover, it was related that T2MI can be related more with pulmonary congestions. They also tend to be older, majority female. Conclusions. Type 2 MI is more comune in older, females and in patients with multiple comorbidities. The most frequent manifestations is atypical chest pain.