Hygienic analysis of alimentary intoxations and acute diary diseases caused by food in Riscani ray

Abstract

Introduction. Alimentary intoxications results from the use of food contaminated with pathogenic or contaminated microorganisms with toxic or non-microbial toxic substances. Aim of the study. The hygienic evaluation of alimentary intoxication in Rîşcani district during a 5-year period and the elaboration of measures to prevent them. Materials and methods. A retrospective study on dietary intoxications and acute diarrheal diseases in Rîşcani district was performed over a 5-year period (2012-2016). The main foods incriminated, the causes of the outbreak, the conditions that favored illnesses, the factors and the ways of transmission were established. Results. Morbidity through food poisoning and acute diarrheal diseases in the Rîşcani district during the period 2012-2016 remains high, constituting an average of 341 cases annually, the morbidity index showing a periodic increase and decrease. Thus the maximum level was recorded in 2012 with 348 cases per 100 thousand populations, and the minimum - in 2016 with 295 cases 100 thousand population. Studying the etiological structure, we found that the vast majority are caused by Salmonella - making up 53%, Escherichia coli - 18% and Staphylococcus aureus - 18%, the others having a small share. It was found that 63% of all said outbreaks took place at home and only 37% in organized collectives. During this period, 718 cases of food intoxication and acute diarrheal diseases were recorded with 1525 affected persons. During the study period, cases of botulism were not recorded. Of the total number of food intoxications, 7 people suffered as a result of the consumption of poisonous fungi. The analysis of the multiannual dynamics of morbidity by food poisoning and acute diarrheal disease has shown that the morbidity index is decreasing, but is still lower in 2016 (372.4% ooo cases) and higher in 2012 (542.6% ooo cases) (19%) and Klebsiella (17%), other microorganisms (Enterobacter, St. Aureus, Escherichia, Erwinia, Enterococcus and Pseudomonas) with a lower weight. The main incriminated foods were culinary products, milk and dairy products and fish and fish products. Conclusions. In Râşcani district food poisoning and acute diarrheal diseases remain a current problem because they are recorded annually. In 63% of cases, maladies broke home and only 37% in organized communities. This speaks of improving the hygienic surveillance of food objectives in recent years, but also of the need to promote health among the population.