Efficiency analysis and determination of the need to implement the PID-5 international instrument in medical practice

Abstract

Introduction. PID-5 (personality inventory for DSM-5) was created to improve a personality disorder diagnosis system described in the Manual of Diagnostic and Statistical Mental Disorders (DSM, 5th edition, American Psychiatric Association, 2013). PID-5 measures 25 maladaptive personality traits and five areas of traits and offers new opportunities in diagnosing personality disorders. Aim of the study. Determination of effectiveness and determination of the need to implement the PID-5 international instrument for the analysis of personality disorders included in DSM-V in medical practice. Materials and methods. The study was done on a group of 83 students from two universities: USMF and ASEM, over 2016. All students underwent the PID-5 questionnaire which contains 220 elements of personality self-reporting that measures maladaptive personality traits, which are DSM-5 characterized. The questions were answered on a scale of four, from 0 ("false or almost always false") to 3 ("very true or most often true"). Therefore the PID-5 offers scores on a scale of 4 points, for 25 facets (traits). These facets correspond to maladaptive personality traits, describe in section III of the DSM-5 and are included in the five superior domains, as well, described in section III: Negative Affectivity, Detachment, Antagonism, Disinhibition and Psychoticism. A score bigger than 2 of a certain number of facets is a quantitative indicator of one of the 6 types of PD: Antisocial, Borderline, Schizotypal, Avoidant, Obsessive-Compulsive or Narcissistic. PID-5 was translated and validated by a working group composed of collaborators from the faculty of Human Physiology and Biophysics of USMF „N. Testemițanu” and the department of Migraine and Vegetative Disturbances from the Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery respecting the norms of translation, adaptation and validation of ITC and with the author's acceptance. Results. The study showed that USMF students predominate a higher index of personality disorders compared to ASEM students, namely obsessive-compulsive disorder. There is no significant difference in depending on gender among USMF students. The DSM-5 Personality Inventory has demonstrated the efficacy and support of its use in medical practice in the Republic of Moldova. Conclusions. The review of the Personality Disorder chapter in DSM V consists not only in the elimination or maintenance of various categories, but is also a fundamentally new approach that is significantly different from what was previously. PID-5 enables effective diagnosis of PD, so its use in medical practice is favorable.