Clinico-epidemiological features of adenoid vegetation of children

Abstract

Introduction. Hypertrophy of adenoid vegetation is a common pathology among children and adolescents, being considered one of the main causes of upper respiratory obstruction of children, which can develop with major complications (Pereira L.-34.46%).Aim of the study. We set out to study the prevalence of this pathology according to gender, age, living environment, risk factors, clinical symptoms, diagnostic methods, complications. Materials and methods. A randomized retrospective study was performed on a group of 60 patients. They have been selected within the IMSP Institute of the Mother and Child Clinic ''Emilian Coțaga '' for 3 years: 2017, 2018, 2019. The data collected included: age, gender, living environment, risk factors, symptoms, diagnostic methods and complications. Subsequently, the patients were divided into 4 age categories: 0-5 years, 6-10 years, 11-15 years, 16-18 years. Then, the group of patients from the rural area - 34, was divided by areas: North, Center, South and the left side of Dniester. Results. The following results were obtained: male gender - 40 patients (66.66%); female gender - 20 subjects (33, 33%); rural area - 34 patients (56.66%); urban area - 26 subjects (43.33%). The rate of affected age category was: 0-5 years - 35 children (58.33%); 6-10 years - 18 patients (30%); 11-15 years - 7 teenagers (11.66%). Regarding the distribution on the territorial areas of the republic, the following was determined: North - 10% (29.41%), South - 9% (26.47%), Center - 12% (35.29%), the left side of Dniester - 3% (8.82%). From the risk factors, were highlighted: food atopic dermatitis, acute viral respiratory infections, angina, chronic hypertrophic rhinitis. Patients' symptoms: 100% - nasal respiration, 75% - cough, 60% - post-nasal drip, 30% - hearing impairment. The used diagnostic methods were: conventional radiography, acoustic rhinometry, rhinomanometry, optical endoscopy, fibrorinoscopy. Also, were established the complications: chronic suppurated mesotimpanita, bilateral seromucous otitis media, maxillary rhinosinusitis, verbal and intellectual developmental delay, sleep apnea. Conclusions. We determined the prevalence of the pathology among: the male gender, the children from the rural area, age category- 0-5 years old, which corresponds to the period when the adenoid vegetation reaches its maximum size. Also, regarding the distribution by territorial areas, the most affected area was the Center. By the way, we have observed the interdependence between the risk factors and the appearance of the disease, such as: allergies - seasonal or throughout the year, respiratory infections supported. It is important to mention that the complications of the given pathology refer to the impairment of the nasal functions, the middle ear, sleep apnea, but also the verbal and intellectual disability.