The clinical anatomy of the arterial collaterals of the lower limbs

Abstract

Introduction. The purpose of this research is anatomical-clinical selective study of arterial vascularization of the lower limbs, development of arterial collateral, the impact of occlusive arteriopathy in their development and their appearance at CT-high performance imaging investigation.Aim of the study. The anatomical-clinical study of the arterial collaterals of the lower limbs and their importance for maintaining the function of the lower limbs and preserving their anatomical Materials and methods. As study material were the results of CT-imaging investigations with contrast, in angiographic regime and 3D reconstructions. Results. 3 main aspects were demonstrated: 1. The appearance of the arterial circulation in the lower limb, as usual; 2. Changes induced by partial and total vascular obstruction with limb amputation; 3. Restoring vascularization from other arterial branches. These result have obviously been pointing out of the fact that the vascular insufficiency is a chronic process, with progressive stuctural changes, it show us different degrees of affectation – from the light calcified with unique stenoses to the total occlusion with limb amputation and the defining role of the collateral vessels through wich the blood flow is redirected and ensures the tissue perfusion. Conclusions. Peripheral arterial occlusive disease presents a high risk of morbidity, affecting 10% of the world's western population the past 50 years. It affects complex the patient with the involvement of the physical life, mental life and social integration. These issues are of particular importance for clinicians and radiologist alike. The most common location of arterial obstructions is at the level of the superficial femoral artery. Ensuring vascularization through the collateral under certain critical conditions like interrupting or disrupting the blood flow through the arteries, is a mandatory condition for maintaining the function of the lower limbs and preserving their anatomical. The imaging aspect of the obstruction degrees allows the precise establishment of the rational surgical approach and procedure.