Морфогенез тазобедренного сустава в зародышевом и в начале предплодного периода онтогенеза человека

Abstract

Abstract Background: The technical level of modern diagnostic and medical equipment and its wide application in medicine allowed in recent years to expand our knowledge on some issues of etiology and pathogenesis of a number of diseases of the musculoskeletal system, such as congenital dislocation of the hip and the femoral head osteochondropathy [1-4]. In adults, 30-40% of patients with arthritis of the hip joint are a consequence of not sufficiently treatment of childhood diseases such dysplastic hip as congenital dislocation of the hip and Perthes disease [5-12]. The literature on the development of hip contradictory. Based on this, we found it necessary to conduct a comprehensive study of the peculiarities of development and formation of the hip joint in infancy and early prefetal period of development. Material and methods: The study was conducted with morphological methods: making and microscopy 40 series of histological and topographo-anatomical slices macroscopy, normal and fine dissection controlled by microscope Carl Zeiss Primo Star, (studied 35 cadavers prefetuses), making and study of graphic reconstruction models and statistical processing digital data. Results: Limb buds in small protrusions on the sides of the embryo detected in embryos 5,0 mm PCL. In the embryos 9,0 mm PCL lower limbs look like elongated small outgrowths. The rudiment of the hip joint for the first time is determined in embryos of 14,0 mm PCL. The articular cavity and the capsule of the hip joint can be traced a prefetuses 19,0-20,0 mm PCL. Conclusions: 1. The uneven pace of morphogenesis of the hip joint at different stages of its development is a reflection of the general law, which is manifested in the uneven prenatal ontogenesis as a whole. 2. Embryonic and early period of prefetal development are critical in the development and formation of the human hip joint and therefore at these stages of ontogenysis, even a minimal effect damaging agent, can lead to significant violations of the processes of organogenesis and the emergence of a variety of birth defects.