Individual features of the aortic arch branches

Abstract

Introduction: Human artery is characterized by marked individual differences. They are characterized by an unequal number of major vascular routes, sources of blood supply to organs, different shape and branching features topography. A high incidence of human circulatory system necessitates the use of frequent surgical and diagnostic procedures. In this regard, the question arises o f more in-depth study of the vascular bed of the human body, including the arteries and variant anatomy, their topography and branching. It should be noted that in recent years the study of the arterial bed o f the human body makes it increasingly possible to observe options vessels, unlike those described in classical textbooks, which, undoubtedly, can aggravate the course of the operation. Not in all cases can be performed preoperative angiographic diagnosis of arteries, so the physician should be prepared to the individual characteristics of the arterial bed. In the literature there is a description o f the different data about option vessels other than classical. So, A.M. Ochkurenko (1966) in 13% of cases found that two arteries departed from the aortic arch: brachiocephalic trunk and left subclavian artery. Less common variants have been described in the literature, refer to the vertebral arteries from the aortic arch of, with more than the left. In this case the aortic arch gave four branches. R. L. Herzenberg (1930) an interesting variant described, in which the right internal and external carotid arteries departed from brachiocephalic trunk. In this case the common carotid artery was absent. Our study was conducted at the Department of the normal anatomy of the Grodno State Medical University. We examined 11 human cadavers of both sexes in different age groups (45-75 years). The research was carried out using the following methods: dissection, morphometry. On one of the studied drugs was discovered nonclassical variant of the branch of the aortic arch, in which there is no brachiocephalic trunk. Vessels departed from right to left in the following order: right common carotid artery, left common carotid, left subclavian, right subclavian. Right subclavian artery departed behind the left homonymous by 10 mm, turned right and passed between the trachea and the esophagus, thus bending the esophagus at the distance of 41 mm from its origin. Thus, analyzing the results, we can conclude that not only small and medium-sized arteries are subjected to considerable variability, but large main trunks, which certainly must be taken into account both in practical training sessions and in the practice of medicine.