Cancer of the colon. Contemporary methods of diagnosis and treatment

Abstract

Introduction: Colon cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world with a significant impact on the medical, social and economic field. In developed countries, affecting I in 20 people, and in Europe every second death from cancer is the colon cancer. In Moldova, in 2001 the incidence of colon cancer was 18.8% (primary patients 816) mortality being 16% (300 patients). Purpose and Objectives: Studying and detennining optimal methods of diagnosis and treatment of patients in the examined group. Identify the relationship of patient age, sex, origin and geographical location. Materials and Methods: In the research were examined 40 patients with clinical diagnosis: colon cancer. Clinical and statistical documentation was based on clinical observation data sheets, protocols operative imaging materials and histopathological results in the archive Republican Clinical Hospital. Results: In the year 2010, the total number of patients operated on in the Department colorectal of the Republican Clinical Hospital was 850, of which 40 patients with colon cancer. The study included 21 men (52,5%) and 19 women (47,5%). Decades of age V, VI and VII were most affected by colon cancer representing 95% of cases, with a maximum peak incidence in the fifth decade of 57.5%. Less affected were patients younger than 50 years accounted for only 5% of cases. Rating according to location: sigmoid colon (42,5%), rectum (30%), descending colon (15%), ascending colon (10%) and transverse colon (2,5%). According to geographical distribution most affected area was the centre of the country - 52%. In accordance with environmental distribution predominant are patients in rural area - 65%. According to histological form is predominantly adenocarcinoma - 97,5%. 97.5% were diagnosed in stage IV of colon cancer and only 2.5% in stage III. Depending on addressing, 77,5% of total addressed urgently, and 22.5% - planned. Intestinal occlusion is the most common complication of colon cancer is an indication for emergency surgery and requires urgent addressing to specialized medical institutions. Conclusion: From the study, the most frequently affected with colon cancer are patients aged 51-60 years with a maximum peak incidence of 57.5%. Intestinal occlusion is the most frequent complication of cancer of the colon and it is an indication for surgical treatment. 77.5% of the total were hospitalized urgently, and within 48 hours were operated 58%.