Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among patients with cardiovascular diseases

Abstract

Introduction: According to the criteria of such organizations as World Health Organization (WHO) and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) metabolic syndrome (MS) is a disease that can be defined as a complex of metabolic, hormonal and clinical disorders, which are high risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, based on primary insulin resistance and compensatory systemic hyperinsulinemia. A person with MS has a greatly increased risk of cardiovascular disease and premature death. There are 40 - 60 million people suffering from MS in Europe, according to WHO reports. The purpose of this work is to investigate the prevalence of the MS among patients who suffer of different cardiovascular diseases. Methods and results: At the cardiology department of Vinnytsia Pirogov Regional Clinical Hospital, 174 patients (88 women and 86 men) with MS were examined. First, all the patients filled questionnaire. Afterwards, the body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, heart rate, blood glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) levels were measured. MS was determined according to the criteria (NCEP-Mod ATP-III 2005) in the presence of abdominal obesity: waist circumference > 102 cm or 40 inches (men), > 88 cm or 36 inches (women); dyslipidemia (TG > 1,7 mmol / L (150 mg / dL)), HDL cholesterol <1.03 mmol / L (<40 mg / dL men), 1.29 mmol / L (<50 mg / dL women) blood pressure > 130/85 mm .mmHg, the level of fasting plasma glucose > 5,6 mmol / L (100 mg /dL). In the presence of three or more criteria, patients can be diagnosed with MS. Conclusion: Results showed that the average age of survived patients was 57,9 ±12,1 years, and the average BMI of the patients was 30,9 ± 6,8 kg/m2, thus only 15% of the patients had normal BMI. The remaining patients suffered from overweight or obesity. In addition, the waist circumference in 59% of men and 95% of women was more than 102 cm and 88 cm respectively. The average systolic BP was 144 mm Hg, and diastolic - 89 mm Hg, average heart rate - 73 beats per minute. Besides, in the blood of the patients were detected following changes: 17 % had fasting hyperglycemia, while 70% and 33 % had high levels of cholesterol and TG correspondently. All in all, 48% of the examined patients were found to have MS (58% of females, 42% of males). According to the results above alongside with external information and other researches in this sphere, it is obvious that patients with MS have a rather poor prognosis and high risk of cardiovascular complications and diseases.