Pharmacotherapeutic assistance in children's convulsive syndrome

Abstract

Introduction. Epileptic syndromes in young children are one of the main causes leading to disability and mortality in the Republic of Moldova. According to statistical data, psychoneurological disability constitutes 70% of the total number of disabled children. Aim of the study. Studying the evolution and pharmacotherapeutic assistance of convulsive syndrome in children in the Republic of Moldova. Methods and materials. Forty- seven cases of convulsive syndrome were analyzed in children hospitalized in the Neurosurgery Department of the Mother and Child Institute, during the years 2020-2021. The established indices were analyzed by the analytical method with computer processing Results. Regarding the risk factors, it should be noted that the most common seizures are triggered in infants and young children by falls at different levels (bed, chair and falls at the same level, are mainly caused by lack of supervision) - 23% ; in preschoolers - trauma (12%); in children aged 7-10 - traffic accidents and traumatic injuries by blunt objects (35%); in older children - falls and blows with blunt objects in sports games (30%). It should be noted that in children in the first year of life, due to the predominant functioning of the brainstem structures, tonic seizures are usually noticed, while the clonic component of the crisis is formed at an older age. More than 20 medicines are used to treat various types of epilepsy in children. Essential medicines include: adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), acetazolamide, benzobarbital, bromide, valproic acid, vigabatrin, gabapentin, diazepam, carbamazepine, clonazepam, lamotrigine, midazopam, nitrazepam, fenrazepam t-etymab and so on Diazepam (seduxen) and midazolam (dormikum) are the main drugs for the treatment of all forms of status epilepticus. Based on the study, we found that diazepam 5 mg / ml sol is most commonly used. inj. (61%) and diazepam 10 mg / 2.5 ml sol. rectal (46%); magnesium sulfate, 250 mg / ml - 5 ml sol.inj. (27%), clonazepam 0.5 mg, comp. (22%); phenobarbital, 100 mg comp. was administered singly or in combination with the nominated preparations with a frequency of 56% of cases. Conclusion. In the study, it was found that the most commonly used groups of drugs in convulsive syndrome with the exception of anticonvulsants were: antiedematous preparations (47%), anxiolytics (41%), analgesics (39%), antibacterials (68%) and brain protection (31%).