Dental discolorations. Modern methods of treatment

Abstract

Introduction. Dental discoloration is a clinically visible deviation from normal tooth colour and is one of the most common causes for patients to resort to cosmetic treatment. They can affect a tooth, a group of teeth or the whole dentition, the teeth, in turn, being partially or totally affected by dischromy. The frequency of dental discolorations is constantly increasing: on the one hand due to the high rate of pathologies accompanied by discomforts (fluorosis, hypoplasia, caries etc.), environmental pollution and foods with multiple dyes, and on the other hand ̶due to the permanent increase of the aesthetic needs of the population. They can be differentiated according to etiology, location, appearance, severity and treatment possibilities. Aim of study. Identify the causes that lead to dental discoloration; study of clinical manifestations and methods of treatment of dental discolorations. Methods and materials. In this paper, we used the following search engines: Google Scholar, PUBMED, Medline.com, Science Direct, Pure, SSRN, Scirus, Trip Database. Keywords such as: discoloration, dental, hygiene, methods were used to select articles. The results of the search engines displayed a number of 64 articles according to the keywords entered. To achieve this goal, 12 patients with dental discoloration, aged between 18 and 65 years, were selected and examined. In order to achieve the proposed objectives, patients with dental dischromy of different etiologies were selected, examined and treated, the vast majority presenting discoloration following the consumption of various foods. In the treatment of patients was used professional oral hygiene, professional teeth cleaning with Air-flow system, professional teeth whitening. Results. The results were positive, as patients noticed changes in aesthetics and said that even selfconfidence increased. Conclusion. Dental discolorations serve as a major cause of change in aesthetics and the patient's smile. They can occur as a result of exogenous, endogenous and iatrogenic factors. Until recently, the treatment of dental discoloration consisted only of orthopedic treatment (restoration, crowns, veneers, etc.) and, therefore, it was necessary to prepare healthy dental tissues, as well as to remove dental deposits with polishing with various professional pastes. The appearance of different whitening systems, based on hydrogen peroxide or urea, can change the colour of the teeth without radical treatments.