Realizări și perspective privind studierea vulnerabilității grupurilor de persoane cu maladii cronice în optică bioetică

Abstract

Implicarea principiilor bioetice în analiza stării de vulnerabilitate la unele grupuri sociale are o importanță deosebită în elaborarea unui suport metodologic ce ar cuprinde toate aspectele acestui subiect de studiu de amploare în esența sa. Potențialul bioeticii constă în oferirea de repere conceptuale în identificarea subiectelor și a principiilor pentru ghidarea cercetătorilor sau a personalului medical, ori de alt gen de activitate, în respectarea unor acțiuni curative, de reabilitare, consiliere, asistență socială etc.

Vulnerability is a complex state that characterizes man in various phases of his existence. A separate segment of the vulnerable population includes people with severely impaired health. It is divided into several categories. The study of this contingent was carried out within the research project „The interdisciplinary bioethical-socio-medical approach of the vulnerable contingent of a population with a severe state of health and the possibilities of rehabilitation” within the State Program 2020-2023. Various scientific investigations were carried out within this research project. The subject of the vulnerability of certain categories of population is a top one in the social strategies of most states, but it has a special connotation in the conditions of the Republic of Moldova where, on the one hand, the vulnerable categories are overwhelmed by serious social and health problems, poor knowledge and ability to protect their rights and, on the other hand, the presence of deficiencies, sometimes serious, regarding the professional training of employees in the institutions involved in various relationships with vulnerable groups. In addition to this, there are drawbacks in the legislative and normative framework. The general idea of the project is the interdisciplinary research of the specific categories of the vulnerable populations, especially children, the elderly and detainees with a severe health status. The interdisciplinary methodology is based on the study of the medical, social and ethical problems affecting this contingent, by combining the theoretical analysis of the existing studies, conducting the researches through the socio-humanistic methods (interviews, focus-groups and questionnaires for the subjects of the vulnerable groups and professionals in the field) and the bioethical multilevel analysis (axiological, socio-medical and legal). Thus, the systemic approach to these problems will allow the identification of optimal solutions and efficient recommendations in the implementation of state policies in the field of health protection and social inclusion of vulnerable groups.