The particularities of amniotic membrane transplantation on the ocular surface. (Literature review)

Abstract

Background. Amniotic membrane transplantation has emerged as a promising option for restoring vision, offering an alternative to corneal transplant procedures. This innovative technique involves transplanting the amniotic membrane, obtained from the innermost layer of the placenta, onto the surface of the eye. The aim of the paper: Review of the thematic literature in the context of the analysis of current data on amniotic membrane transplantation. Material and methods. A study of publications on the topic of amniotic membrane transplantation from the PubMed platform and other sources of scientific publications from the Republic of Moldova was carried out, with a period until 2024. Results. When transplanted, the amniotic membrane has anti-inflammatory, anti-scarring, anti- angiogenic and possibly bactericidal. During the healing process, the amniotic membranes are integrated intraepithelially, subepithelially, or intrastromally. TAM improves visual outcome and reduces corneal neovascularization, symblepharon formation, and epithelialization time. Conclusions. The implementation of the transplantation methodology is an innovative technology, having a positive impact on the patient's quality of life, and healthy life expectancy, enhancing work capacity. AM transplantation is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of superficial eye diseases. The technically simple fixation of the AM with an overlock suture guarantees a stable position of the AM and a comfortable feeling for patients in the postoperative period. The authors agree with the opinion of the implementation of the surgical method of using the graft. Resulting in positive postoperative care from the patient's side.