Histological and immunohistochemical particularity of pectoralis gland cancer. Retrospective study in Oncology Institute from Moldova (2017-2022)

Abstract

Introduction. Pectoral Gland cancer in men is rare and occurs in 0.5-1% of all breast cancers. The risk factors are various, but the most common are the genetic mutation of BRCA2, familial history, and hormone disbalance. Most frequently in the past, pectoral gland cancer was detected in stages 3 and 4, more aggressive histological and immunohistochemical forms, so that makes the subject more interesting to study. Aim of study. Studying histological and immunohistochemistry particularity of the pectoralis gland cancer. Methods and materials. Studying the retrospective analysis of primary documentation, SIMU program of 40 patients with histological and immunohistochemistry of pectoralis cancer at IMSP Institute Oncology from 2017 – 2022 in the Republic of Moldova Results. In the study, 40 hospitalized patients from 2017 – 2022, were around the age of 41 – 80 years, the high incidence of pectoral gland cancer was between the ages 61 – 70 years with 22 cases (55%), and the low incidence is between 41 – 50 years with 3 cases (7.5%). The central part of the gland is most affected with 25 cases (62.5%), and the inferolateral quadrant with the least cases of 1 (2.5%). The most affected are the right gland with 23 cases (57.5%) and the left gland with 17 cases (42.5%). The diagnosis is confirmed by cytology with 28 cases (70%), cytology & histology with 3 cases (7.5%), histology with immunohistochemistry of 4 cases (10%) and 5 cases (12.5%) are not confirmed. Histology was done in 7 cases and 7 out 4 cases are confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Invasive Ductal Carcinoma was seen in 5 cases (71.42%) and 1 case (14.28%) of cancer of Paget's disease of the nipple. Immunohistochemistry confirms the histology of two types. 3 cases (75%) of Luminal subtype B and 1 case (25%) of Luminal subtype A. Stage 3B has the highest number of cases of 12 (30%) and Stage 1 and Stage 3C have the least cases of 1 (2.5%) respectively, 4 cases (10%) are not staged accordingly. Conclusion. The histological forms and immunohistochemistry of pectoral gland cancer are the diagnoses confirming characteristics in the assessment for the evolution of the malignant process. risk factors are various, but the most common are the ge netic mutation of BRCA2, familial history, and hormone disbalance. Most frequently in the past, pector al gland cancer was detected in stages 3 and 4, more aggressive histological and immunohistochemic al forms, so that makes the subject more interesting to study. Aim of study. Studying histological and immunohistochemistry particularity of the pectoralis gland cancer. Methods and materials. Studying the retrospective analysis of primary documentati on, SIMU program of 40 patients with histological and immunohistochemi stry of pectoralis cancer at IMSP Institute Oncology from 2017 – 2022 in the Republic of Moldova Results. In the study, 40 hospitalized patients from 2017 – 2022, were aro und the age of 41 – 80 years, the high incidence of pectoral gland cancer was bet ween the ages 61 – 70 years with 22 cases (55%), and the low incidence is between 41 – 50 years wit h 3 cases (7.5%). The central part of the gland is most affected with 25 cases (62.5%), and the inferolateral quadrant with the least cases of 1 (2.5%). The most affected are the right glan d with 23 cases (57.5%) and the left gland with 17 cases (42.5%). The diagnosis is confirmed by cytol ogy with 28 cases (70%), cytology & histology with 3 cases (7.5%), histology with immunohistoch emistry of 4 cases (10%) and 5 cases (12.5%) are not confirmed. Histology was done in 7 cases and 7 out 4 cases are confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Invasive Ductal Carcinoma was seen i n 5 cases (71.42%) and 1 case (14.28%) of cancer of Paget's disease of the nipple. Immun ohistochemistry confirms the histology of two types. 3 cases (75%) of Luminal subtype B and 1 case (25%) of Luminal subtype A. Stage 3B has the highest number of cases of 12 (30%) and Stage 1 an d Stage 3C have the least cases of 1 (2.5%) respectively, 4 cases (10%) are not staged accordingl y. Conclusion. The histological forms and immunohistochemistry of pecto ral gland cancer are the diagnoses confirming characteristics in the assessment f or the evolution of the malignant process.