Forensic medical examination as a key element in the investigation of domestic violence cases in Bulgaria

Abstract

Summary: Forensic medical examination emerges as a critical element in addressing domestic violence cases in Bulgaria, offering an impartial mechanism to collect essential data, traces and evidence for judicial processes. This review emphasizes the necessity of detailed anamnesis to understand the incident context and relationships involved, while also addressing the emotional challenges faced by victims during examination. The trust and credibility of forensic medicine are pivotal, with suggestions for enhancing public confidence through professional conduct, strategic facility placement, and transparent operations. Key improvements proposed include disseminating educational materials within medical settings, establishing a centralized funding mechanism for forensic medical examinations in domestic violence scenarios, and introducing specialized training for ‘forensic nurses’ to support evidence collection and victim assistance at first response medical facilities. These measures aim to refine the forensic examination process, ensuring effective support for victims and the provision of critical evidence for legal adjudication. The streamlined forensic medical process is vital for the effective documentation and legal resolution of domestic violence, highlighting the need for procedural enhancements, international standardization, and specialized training to bolster the role of forensic medicine in Bulgaria’s response to domestic violence.