ACTUALITĂŢI ÎN TRATAMENTUL FARMACOLOGIC AL HIPERURICEMIEI SI GUTEI

Abstract

Introducere. Guta este o afecţiune metabolică cauzată de hiperuricemie şi caracterizată prin depunerea cristalelor de urat la nivel articular şi extra-articular, cu afectarea severă a calităţii vieţii pacienţilor. Studiile recente au indicat o prevalenţă ridicată a bolii la nivel global datorită îmbătrânirii populaţiei. Scop. Lucrarea de faţă are ca obiectiv prezentarea celor mai noi date din literatura de specialitate cu privire la posibilităţile de intervenţie farmacologică în terapia hiperuricemiei si gutei. Material şi metode. Au fost interogate principalele baze de date cu articole stiinti-fice: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge. In mod aditional, s-a interogat principala baza de date referitoare la studiile clinice: ClinicalTrials.gov. A fost selectata o perioada de 10 ani cuprinsa intre 2014-2024.

Introduction. Gout is a metabolic disease caused by hyperuricemia and characterized by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in the articular or extra-articular space, with severe impairment of patients’ quality of life. Recent studies have shown a significant global prevalence of the disease due to population aging. Objective. This work is aimed at the presentation of most recent data from scientific literature regarding possible pharmacological interventions in the therapy of hyperuricemia and gout. Material and methods. In this work, main databases with scientific publications were searched: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge. Additionally, the main database focused on clinical trials was also searched: ClinicalTrials.gov. A 10-year long time interval was set, between 2014-2024. The search terms were: hypouricemic drugs, antigout drugs. Results. The treatment of hyperuricemia and gout is aimed primarily at the reduction of uricemia either by the inhibition of xanthine-oxidase or the increase of urinary excretion of uric acid with URAT-1 transporter inhibitors. Advanced gout forms can be treated with injectable uricolytic drugs. The use of the existing drugs can be limited by the development of significant adverse effects. Thus, new inhibitors of xanthine-oxidase (tigulixostat), new inhibitors of URAT-1 transporter (epaminurad) and new uricolytic drugs (pega-dricase) are in advanced stages of clinical studies, having the potential of improving the disease control. Conclusion. The number of patients with hyperuricemia and gout has constantly increased in the last decades due to the aging of the population and the growing incidence of metabolic syndrome. The new hypouricemiant and uricolytic drugs have the potential of allowing a superior disease control.