Observational study in obese post-cholecystecomy patients

Abstract

Background. Cholecystectomy has been recognized as the most common surgical procedure for gallbladder disease, with an incidence of around 1 million cases worldwide. In 40% of cases, persistent or new digestive symptoms have been reported following surgical removal of the gallbladder including dyspepsia or bloating. Objective(s). The aim was to analyze the frequency and severity of post cholecystectomy syndrome in obese patients and to highlight clinical features and the need for a personalized therapeutic approach. Materials and methods. A retrospective observational study was conducted between 2022–2024, on 40 patients who underwent previously for cholecystectomy. Of these, 20 had a body mass index (BMI) ≥30, and other 20 were healthy. Digestive symptoms were assessed using a standardized questionnaire, lab tests, abdominal ultrasound, and detailed nutritional evaluation. Results. Post cholecystectomy syndrome was diagnosed in 55% of obese patients, compared to 30% in those with normal BMI. In 25% of cases, biliary complications such as sphincter of Oddi dysfunction and retained stones were identified. A significant correlation was observed between high-calorie diets, saturated fat intake, and symptom persistence. Dietary modifications and pharmacological treatment led to symptom relief in 85% of cases, though obese patients required longer recovery and stricter nutritional management. These patients also reported a greater impact on daily activities and quality of life, associated with depression and anxiety. Conclusion(s). Obesity was associated with a higher frequency and more severe course of post cholecystectomy syndrome. Identifying nutritional risk factors and tailoring therapy plans were essential for improving symptoms. Early dietary intervention may enhance longterm outcomes and prevent complications.