Periodontal pathology in pubertal girls with hormonal imbalances

Abstract

Introduction. The functional status of the organism during puberty significantly influences periodontal health. Systemic factors, particularly hormonal imbalances, play an essential role in the initiation and progression of periodontal pathology during this developmental stage. Sex hormones (estradiol, progesterone) and prolactin modulate gingival metabolism and the local immune response, while their fluctuations increase the inflammatory susceptibility of periodontal tissues. Obective of the study. The aim of the study was to analyze the particularities of periodontal pathology in pubertal girls with gynecological diseases and hormonal disturbances. Material and methods. The present research represents a controlled clinical study conducted at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry “Ion Lupan”. Between 2025, 38 patients were selected from the Pediatric Gynecology Department of the IMSP “Institute of Mother and Child,”. The subjects were divided into two groups: Group A – patients with gynecological disorders, hormonal alterations, and clinical signs of periodontal disease; Group B – patients without clinical signs of periodontal disease. The research methods applied included bibliographic analysis, statistical evaluation, documentary review, clinical and paraclinical investigations. Results. The prevalence of periodontal pathology among the examined patients was 65,79%. Chronic catarrhal gingivitis was diagnosed in 88% of the patients, of which 60% presented the generalized form and 28% the localized form. Generalized chronic hypertrophic gingivitis was detected in 12% of the patients. Moderate forms of gingivitis were diagnosed most frequently (56%), followed by mild forms (36%) and severe forms (8%). The frequency of dental caries and dento-maxillary anomalies proved to be important factors in the etiology, pathogenesis and clinical progression of inflammatory periodontal processes. Conclusions. The study revealed a correlation between marginal periodontal pathology and hormonal fluctuations, with a predominant involvement of progesterone. The management of periodontal pathology in patients with pediatric gynecological disorders associated with hormonal imbalance requires a complex approach, which primarily involves the stabilization of hormonal status, treatment of the underlying gynecological condition, elimination of local etiological factors, local anti-inflammatory therapy, orthodontic management, and other adjunctive therapeutic measures.