Ingineria tisulară în obţinerea grefelor pentru substituirea defectelor osoase (Articol de sinteză)

Abstract

Biological methods for bone regeneration are needed to reverse bone loss caused by diverse agents. Regenerative therapies could use traditional autogenous, allogenous bone grafting or composite grafts including resorbable 3D scaffolds and differentiated or no differentiated cells. As cells grafts could be: autogenous bone marrow cells or allogenous cord blood stem cells. Also gene expression systems will be combined with cells seeded in precise three-dimensional configurations on synthetic scaffolds to control both temporal and spatial distribution of regenerative factors. The natural processes of bone formation and repair require the coordinated expression of many molecules; including growth factors, bone morphogenetic proteins, and specific transcription factors. Current knowledge related to bone and fracture repair describes how tissue engineering, may mimic critical aspects of these natural processes.