Перинатальная анатомия прямой кишки

Abstract

The surgical treatment of the development anomalies of anorectal region in newborns is one of the most complex and important problems of perinatology. The in-depth study of their anatomical and functional characteristics contributes to the implementation of the new ways to perform radical and reconstructive-restorative surgery of the colon. By means of the anatomical methods of the research of 53 autopsied specimens of the fetuses (aged from 4 to 10 months) and 9 newborns (namely, 5 isolated organ complexes) it has been determined that the typical form of the rectum in the second trimester of the intrauterine development is a spindle-shaped one (62 ± 2%), while for the third trimester and an early neonatal period the cylindrical form (64 ± 1%) of the organ is typical. In the dynamics of the perinatal period the skeletotopic projection of the rectum is displaced caudally almost to the height of one sacral vertebra. Both transverse and longitudinal folds are identified on the internal surface of the rectal wall from the third trimester of the intrauterine development. The upper and middle cross folds of the rectum are the largest, they fill the 2/3 of the rectum lumen. The longitudinal folds are more marked in the distal part of the rectum. Two periods of an accelerated development of the rectum (in the 5th and 8th-10th months) and a period of a relative retardation of the development of the organ (in the 6th-7th months) may be singled out in the dynamics of the perinatal development.