Hygienic estimation of training conditions of pupils with chronic respiratory diseases

Abstract

Among the chronic respiratory diseases, children frequently suffer of recurrent bronchitis and chronic asthma. Statistics show that recurrent and persistent chronic bronchitis represents 26-42% of all bronchopulmonary diseases. Some of the most common diseases recorded in medical practice, both in children and adults, are diseases of the respiratory system. Respiratory diseases in the Republic of Moldova have little tendency to increase, and the average prevalence consists of 37,4% of general morbidity. However, chronic bronchitis and asthma morbidity have a high tendency to increase. The prevalence of chronic bronchitis in Republic of Moldova is 3,21±0,12‰, and 1,34±0,08‰ for asthma. A decisive role in the pathogenesis of these diseases is evaluating risk factors such as ecological harmful factors, food, passive smoking, intra and extra domicile environment (habitual exhaust, household chemicals, dust, pollen and damp), weather conditions, additives and alimentary dyes, pharmaceutical remedies used without a medical prescription, and the lifestyle of the family. The training conditions of children in the schools were investigated from 6 rural locations. We evaluated 2000 microclimatic indices, 2000 of concentration of CO2 and CO, and 70 probes for determination of fungals poluation. During the study in the winter, air temperatures were very low. In the school Gordineşti, district Edineţ, temperatures were registered at 15o C. At the beginning of the lessons the average temperature was 12,8 oC ±0,4, and 13,6 oC ±0,1 at the end of the day. Temperatures were recorded as lower than the hygienic norm temperature levels (18-20 oC) in the following schools: „Feteşti”, the district of Edineţ, „Mihai Eminescu”, and „Mihai Sadoveanu” from the district of Cahul. Relative air humidity in the classrooms varied during the lessons, but exceeded the hygienic normative levels (the hygienic norm being 30-60%) in all investigated schools. The concentration of carbon dioxide exceeded admissible limits at the end of the lschool day in all schools, the biggest values being registered in Feteşti, „Ion Inculeţ” and „Mihai Eminescu”, which exceeded the hygienic normative (MAC - 0,1%) 3 times during the day. Air pollution in the buildings from fungus (Penicillium, Mucor) and high relative air humidity presented the main factors in the development of chronic respiratory diseases among children.