Хирургическая анатомия подподъязычной области в аспекте выполнения трахеостомии

Abstract

Abstract Background: The aim was to improve the work performance of tracheostomy on a study of surgical anatomy infrahyoid neck. Taking into account the individual characteristics of the neck, and a different distance from the skin to the anterior surface of the trachea skeletotopic on different levels, the important point is the right choice not only diameter and length of the tracheostomy cannula. Material and methods: Peculiarities of the thyroid gland linear sizes, volume, form and topographical features on the basis of the morphological material (426 corpses of both sexes) were investigated as regards performing tracheostomy in subjects of the Central Black Soil Region, Russia. Results: New data on the surgical anatomy of the additional muscles of the infrahyoid area, the isthmus, the thyroid gland pyramidal lobe and the trachea which are necessary to take into account while performing tracheostomy were received. Rare variants of the anatomical structure of the anterior neck area which were not described before and are additional risk factors of developing operative complications while performing tracheostomy were found, all other factors being the same. Concrete recommendations for practicing otorhinolaryngologists are given in the paper. Conclusions: When performing a tracheostomy should be considered especially variant anatomy extra muscle infrahyoid area forms thyroid isthmus and pyramidal topography lobe gland. Selection of the cannula length is carried out taking into account the typical characteristics of the neck, sex and age of the patient.