Insulin resistance and adiponectin

Abstract

The aim of the paper was to demonstrate the relationship between plasma adiponectin levels and insulin resistance of peripheral tissues as well as the mechanism of action of adiponectin. There is positive correlation between plasma adiponectin levels and insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues independently of age, gender and BM1. However, there is negative correlation between adiponectin and insulin plasma levels and HOMA index (Homeostasis Model Assessment). Adiponectin levels predict potential alterations of insulin sensitivity of tissues. High levels are associated with decreased risk of developing diabetes. Adiponectin can also constitute an index for predicting an underlying disorder of carbohydrates metabolism in people with normal glucose tolerance test. Finally, variations in its gene expression can predispose to hyperglycemia. Mechanism of adiponectin influencing insulin resistance of tissues is not well known. Potential mechanism is decrease of fatty acid levels in plasma as well as triglycerides in liver and skeletal muscles resulting in increased insulin activity and muscle glucose up taking. In addition, it limits fatty acids hepatic flow. Other mechanisms appear to be: inhibition of gluconeogenesis, TNF-a action in adipose tissue and increase of AMP-activated kinase. Adiponectin is an adipose tissue hormone that increases the sensitivity of tissues to insulin action .Further studies are needed to determine precisely action mechanisms.