Diagnosis and treatment of colon polyps

Abstract

Introduction. Colon polyps are growths that develop in the colon or rectum. Most polyps are benign. A certain type of colorectal polyps (adenomatous) may be leading up to cancer. For this reason, regular screening is very important for people over age 50 or those at high risk of colorectal cancer. Objectives:1. Epidemiological study of colonic polyps in Moldova and worldwide; 2. Positive differential diagnosis of colon polyps; 3. Treatment strategy and the selection of optimal surgery; 4. Prevention methods of colon polyps. Materials and methods: Scientific paper was conducted at Republican Clinical Hospital Department of Surgery No. 2 Medical University Nicolae Testemitanu. To achieve this objectives of study were examined health records of patients who were hospitalized with colorectal polyps in colorectal surgery department during the years 2010-2015; 108 out of 8476 patients.Conclusion: Based retrospective study conducted on a sample of 108 patients with polypectomies conducted in 2010-2015, I found that polyps are prevalent more for men 54.3% than 45.37% for women. Analyzing the clinical material I determined that colonoscopy is a screening method preferable for symptomatic patients and allows the doctor to inspect the entire colon to detect polyps during colonoscopy and practice polypectomy whenever polyps are detected and retrieve biopsy from the excised polyps for histological examination. I concluded that the main group of patients in the study conducted by me with polypectomy are older than 40 years. The disease increases with age. Patients with polypectomy aged between 51-60 years is 33.3%. I have examined the spatial spread of colorectal polyps in Republic of Moldova in the period 2010-2015 and observed prevalence of colorectal polyps by 56% in rural area vs. urban areas by 44%. Based on the medical study records of patients with colorectal polyps I have noticed that most often localization in the sigmoid are- 47.22%, in rectum-27.7%. Based on the study I concluded that most common clinical manifestations are: abdominal pain - 32%, constipation - 19%, tenesmus - 14%, diarrhea - 11%. Rectal bleeding and anemia were found when large polyps were more than 2 cm.Using more often methods for screening for the colorectal formations for asymptomatic patients between 40-60 years, attesting express stool occult bleeding, FOB test, sigmoidoscopy looming, FCS prophylactic cromoendoscopy, NBI colonoscopy, allows to detect early colon polyps and have excised them to prevent colorectal cancer development.