Metabolic syndrome in patients with gout

Abstract

Introduction. The definition of metabolic syndrome is not yet consistent. However, many studies have been conducted in the latest decades about the effect of increased uric acid on metabolic syndrome development. Large epidemiological studies on the association between hyperuricemia and MS showed that increased concentration of serum urea is often observed in subjects with metabolic syndrome. The aim of the study was to characterize specific dysmetabolic changes and features of extraarticular evolution in patients with gout. Materials and methods. A descriptive study was conducted that included 501 patients with gout. The mean age of gout (423 men and 78 women) was 49.2 (36.9; 59.9). The diagnosis of gout was established according to the classification criteria for gout ACR/EULAR 2015. The raw data was processed in SPSS version 26.0. Results. According to our data, the highest severity of obesity and LDL-cholesterol was detected in those with tophaceous gout, which also caused an increase in the frequency of high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes, with age differences in the frequency of detection of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. Our data have noted that serum levels of uric acid correlated with the risk of developing both metabolic syndrome as well as its components - obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, but inversely correlated with hyperglycemia. Conclusions. Gout is associated with a severe lipid metabolism dysfunction, significantly increasing the rate of metabolic syndrome especially among patients with chronic tophaceous gout, than in the group of patients with gout under the age of 59 years. On the other hand, in patients with the onset of gout who are ≤59 years lipid metabolism disorders occur significantly earlier than in patients with the onset of gout at the age of ≥60 years.