Child abuse: algorithm of actions for a forensic medical examiner

Abstract

Summary: Introduction. Family violence is a serious problem with significant societal implications. It can take various forms, including physical, psycho-emotional, economic, and sexual violence. From a medico-social perspective, it is a serious issue, as individuals subjected to violence in the past often face psychological disorders later on. Children and adolescents who witness domestic violence internalize corresponding gender behavior models and transmit them to the next generation. The aim of the study was to conduct a comprehensive investigation related to child abuse and adolescent violence by systematically analyzing literature and developing an algorithm of action for a forensic medical examiner. Materials and Methods. A systematic thematic bibliographic review was utilized for this study. Results. An algorithm of actions for a forensic medical examiner was developed for cases of child abuse or suspicion thereof. Discussion. To suspect child abuse and conduct a proper examination of the victim without causing additional harm, forensic medical examiners must understand the child’s reaction to child abuse and its consequences. Another important competence of forensic medical examiners in cases of suspected child abuse is obtaining a correct and comprehensive medical history. Conclusions. Child abuse and neglect manifest in various forms, each with its unique consequences, yet consistently pose a serious threat to the child’s health, development, and socialization, often endangering the child’s life or leading to fatal outcomes. Studying the research results on this matter allows the conclusion that it is an important problem requiring further study and development of preventive measures. Although forensic medical examination in cases of domestic violence is not a separate type of expertise, the identified peculiarities and social significance underscore the need not only for improving the methodology of expert research but also for establishing clear collaboration with medical institutions, law enforcement agencies, social services, and non-governmental organizations. Additionally, to prevent long-term consequences of domestic violence, involving relevant specialists such as psychologists or psychotherapists in the forensic medical examination of victims is advisable.