| Abstract: | Background. Vegetable oils with lipophilic compounds (polyunsaturated fatty acids, tocopherols,
phytosterols, carotenoids, organic acids, alcohols, esters, aldehydes, ketones) and hydrophilic (phenolic
acids, aldehydes, hydroxycinnamic esters, flavonols, procyanidins) determines a lot of biological
properties. Objective of the study. Analysis and systematization of the properties and mechanisms of
vegetable oils. Material and Methods. Articles from the PubMed database were selected and analyzed
according to the keywords „vegetable oils”,”properties”, “mechanisms”. Results. Vegetable oils have
demonstrated antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, regenerative, cytoprotective
activity. The antioxidant activity is attributed to scavenging free radicals, inhibited the lipid
peroxidation, decrease the levels of conjugated diene, malonic dialdehyde, and increase the gene
expression levels and production of some antioxidant enzymes. The anti-inflammatory activity have
been attributed by inhibited the high nitric oxide, pro-inflammatory cytokine and prostaglandins,
increase the levels of the cytokines, inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration and oxidative damage. The
anti-tumor effect involve apoptosis, DNA damage and oxidative stress. Conclusion. The biological
properties of vegetable oils have been attributed to polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols,
procyanidins, tocopherols, tocotrienols, carotenoids, phytosterols, chlorophylls, flavonols, glucoside
constituiens.
Introducere. Uleiurile vegetale prin compuşii lipofili (acizi graşi polinesaturaţi, tocoferoli, fitosteroli,
carotenoizi, acizi organici, alcooli, esteri, aldehide, cetone) şi hidrofili (acizi fenolici, aldehide, esteri
hidroxicinamici, flavonoli, procianidine) determină un şir de proprietăţi biologice. Scopul
lucrării. Analiza şi sistematizarea proprietăţilor şi mecanismelor uleiurilor vegetale. Material și
Metode. Au fost selectate şi analizate articolele din baza de date PubMed după cuvintele-cheie: „uleiuri
vegetale”, „proprietăţi”, „mecanisme”. Rezultate. Uleiurile vegetale au demonstrat activitate
antimicrobiană, antioxidantă, antiinflamatoare, antitumorală, regeneratoare, citoprotectoare. Activitatea
antioxidantă s-a atribuit captării radicalilor liberi, inhibării peroxidării lipidelor, micşorării nivelului
dienelor conjugate, dialdehidei malonice şi creşterii nivelului de expresie şi producere a unor enzime
antioxidante. Activitatea antiinflamatoare a fost determinată de inhibarea supraproducţiei oxidului
nitric, citokinelor şi prostaglandinelor, majorarea citokinelor antiinflamatoare, diminuarea infiltrării
celulelor inflamatoare şi stresului oxidativ. Efectul antitumoral implică apoptoza, afectarea ADNului şi
stresul oxidativ. Concluzii. Proprietăţile biologice ale uleiurilor vegetale au fost atribuite acizilor graşi
polinesaturaţi, polifenolilor, procianidinelor, tocoferolilor, tocotrienolilor, carotenoizilor, fitosterolilor,
clorofilelor, flavonolilor, glucozidelor. |
