Liposomes as a vaccine transport system- current affairs and perspectives

Abstract

Introduction. A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active immunity, acquired to a certain infectious disease. A vaccine usually contains an agent similar to a pathogenic microorganism and is often made from weakened or inactivated forms of the microbe, its toxins or one of its surface proteins. Extensive research in the field of pharmaceutical sciences has led in recent decades to the development of innovative systems for the release of active ingredients, suitable for enrich the treatment possibilities that are in charge of the pharmacothermal dysрozition.In this respect, it рot mention the systems of transрort and release to the target of tiр micro- and nanoрarticula, microemulsions, liquid crystals, liрosomes, etc. Aim of study. Studying and systematizing literature data on the use of pharmaceutical nanotechnologies in the formulation of vaccines and elucidating the advantages of these forms. Methods and materials. Bibliographic sources were analyzed using the NCBI platform, PubMed, DrugBunk, Pharmatech, Pharmaceutical-technology, etc. Results. Liposomes are spherical vesicles with colloidal dimensions (from 20 nm to 10 μm), consisting of a double layer of surfactant molecules. In recent years, nano-technologies, bio-technologies and systems of transport and target disposal are extremely frequently used in almost all fields of activity.The use of nanotechnology in medicine, and more precisely in the transport and cession to the target of active compounds is in full evolution.The transport and cession of drugs and the development in the pharmaceutical field in the context of nanomedicine should be regarded as the science and technology of complex systems at nanoscale Any vaccine falls into the category of nanomedication, the size of a bacteria varies between 200 and 2000 nm, the size of a virus varies between 20 nm and 250-400 nm. The above mentioned advantages justify the objectives pursued by the use of the liрosomes as medicinal vectors: prolongation of the release time of the crowned active substance, protection of the active trade, protecting the patient from toxic effects, the possibility of intracellular release of active molecules, liposomes with target cells. Conclusion. Nanomaterials are currently used as vectors for acellular vaccines. Due to its properties, some nanostructures provide an additional immune response. Due to its properties, nanoparticles make it possible to administer vaccines to categories of patients who are in the risk zone (such as immunocompromised patients). Due to its properties, vaccines combined with nanomaterials are obtained more easily, faster, making it possible to release the vaccine to the market in a shorter term and in greater quantity.