Bridging theory and practice: enhancing medical education through simulation-based training methods

Abstract

Introduction. With the complexities of contemporary healthcare systems and the paramount importance of high-quality patient care, Simulation-Based Medical Education (SBME) has emerged as a pivotal innovation in the process of training healthcare professionals. This study explores the integration of SBME in undergraduate medical education to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and clinical practice, thereby preparing students with the necessary competencies for effective healthcare delivery. Material and methods. Employing a narrative review approach, this study meticulously examined relevant literature from multiple databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, and MedEdPublish. Following objectives, we chose the sources that were best suited to explore our research questions, focusing on keywords such as „simulation”, „undergraduate medical education”, „simulation-based medical education”, „theoretical frameworks”, „procedural framework” „curriculum design”, „training efficacy”, and „training evaluation” with no restriction for the date of publications. Results. The review identified foundational educational theories underpinning SBME, such as Experiential Learning Theory and Adult Learning Theory, and traced the evolution of simulation methods from simple anatomical models to sophisticated high-fidelity simulators and virtual reality technologies. Various simulation techniques, including task trainers, manikins, and standardized patients, were analyzed for their educational value. Significant benefits of SBME, such as enhanced safety, repeatability, and adaptability, were highlighted alongside challenges like high costs and limited access. Comparative analysis revealed SBME’s advantages over traditional clinical education, particularly in learning efficiency and scalability. Conclusions. SBME represents a transformative approach in undergraduate medical education, offering a dynamic and interactive learning environment that significantly enhances clinical skills, critical thinking, and confidence. Despite its challenges, the integration of simulation-based methodologies into medical curricula is essential for addressing the evolving needs of medical training and improving patient care outcomes. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to assess the long-term impact of SBME on clinical practice and explore the integration of emerging technologies to enhance the efficacy and accessibility of simulation-based training.