Management of zygomatic complex fracture

Abstract

Introduction. Zygomatic complex fracture is a prominent type of maxillofacial trauma in the Republic of Moldova. This type of trauma is severe due to potential complications that can adversely affect a person's overall health (diplopia, enophthalmos, difficulty in mouth opening). In recent years, there has been a trend of increasing incidents of this type of trauma. This trend is associated with an increase in car accidents, aggressive incidents, and activities resulting in falls. Aim of study. To conduct a retrospective analysis of data over the last 2.5 years for patients with zygomatic complex fractures. To analyze statistics and identify the prevalence of this type of trauma, as well as its seasonality, age and gender characteristics. Methods and materials. A retrospective analysis was conducted for the period from 19.01.2021 to 20.06.2023, using patient records from the Maxillofacial Surgery Department archive at the Emergency Medical Institute. The statistical data were based on patients diagnosed with “zygomatic complex fracture” upon admission. Results. From 19.01.2021 to 20.06.2023, 42 patients with zygomatic complex fractures were admitted, making up 33.6% of all maxillofacial traumas in this period. Zygomatic complex fractures ranked second in frequency among all traumas in the maxillofacial region for this period. The male-to-female ratio is 4:1 (34:8), explained by the fact that the most common etiological factors are assaults and sports activities, often accompanied by falls. In 2021, there were 12 cases, in 2022 - 25 cases, and in the first half of 2023 - 5 cases (29%, 60%, and 12%, respectively). The majority of patients were admitted during the summer (38%). April, June, and August being the most common months for this type of injury, each of these months accounts for 15%. The least common months were September with 0 cases and December with 1 case (0% and 2%, respectively).The average age of patients was 36±6 years, with the most common age group being 25-44 (47%), and the least common age group being 60-74 (6%). No cases were identified in the age group over 75 during this period. Conclusion. A descriptive retrospective study was conducted using data from the archive of the Emergency Medical Institute over the last 2.5 years, revealing the prevalence, seasonality, and age and gender characteristics of this type of trauma. Republic of Moldova. This type of trauma is severe due to pot ential complications that can adversely affect a person's overall health (diplopia, eno phthalmos, difficulty in mouth opening). In recent years, there has been a trend of increasing i ncidents of this type of trauma. This trend is associated with an increase in car accidents, aggressive incidents, and activities resulting in falls. Aim of study. To conduct a retrospective analysis of data over the las t 2.5 years for patients with zygomatic complex fractures. To analyze statistics an d identify the prevalence of this type of trauma, as well as its seasonality, age and gender charact eristics. Methods and materials. A retrospective analysis was conducted for the period from 19.01.2021 to 20.06.2023, using patient records from the Maxillofacial Surgery Department archive at the Emergency Medical Institute. The statistical data were based on patients diagnosed with “zygomatic complex fracture” upon admission. Results. From 19.01.2021 to 20.06.2023, 42 patients with zygomatic complex fracture s were admitted, making up 33.6% of all maxillofacial traumas in this period. Zygomatic complex fractures ranked second in frequency among all traumas in t he maxillofacial region for this period. The male-to-female ratio is 4:1 (34:8), explained by the fact that the m ost common etiological factors are assaults and sports activities, often acco mpanied by falls. In 2021, there were 12 cases, in 2022 - 25 cases, and in the first half of 2023 - 5 cases (29%, 60%, and 12%, respectively). The majority of patients were admitted during the summer (38%). April, June, and August being the most common months for this type of injury, each of thes e months accounts for 15%. The least common months were September with 0 cases and December wit h 1 case (0% and 2%, respectively).The average age of patients was 36±6 years, wi th the most common age group being 25-44 (47%), and the least common age group being 60-74 (6%). No cases were identified in the age group over 75 during this period. Conclusion. A descriptive retrospective study was conducted using data from the archive of the Emergency Medical Institute over the last 2.5 years, rev ealing the prevalence, seasonality, and age and gender characteristics of this type of trauma.