Cellular therapy with growth factors: a promising neuroregenerative approach in cerebral palsy

Abstract

Introduction: Cerebral palsy is a non-progressive condition caused by a series of neurological disorders that occur during fetal brain development, either before or after birth. It represents a major global issue that leads to disability, limiting children's functionality and causing negative influences both physically and psychologically. The aim of the study was to elucidate the effectiveness of growth factors for cognitive and motor functionality in cerebral palsy. Materials and Methods: 14 articles were selected and evaluated from recognized databases, such as PubMed Central, Medline, HINARI, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate, covering the period from 2015 to 2024. Results: Analyzing data from the literature, the patients were divided and studied into groups: in the studied group, patients were diagnosed with perinatal cerebral palsy, generalized spastic tetraparesis, and moderate cognitive impairments. These patients were administered intravenous platelet-rich plasma in a dose of 25 cc (cubic centimeters), and then monitored at 24 hours, 3 months, and 6 months after treatment, with the determination of IGF-1, PDGF, TGF, and VEGF levels before and after treatment. Both before and after treatment, the patients were examined according to the GMFCS and Bayley scales. Additionally, the quantity of leukocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, and platelets was determined. It was observed that platelets were above the limit of 25,000 n/m3 post-treatment, with their levels remaining relatively constant in the bloodstream. In some patients, platelet counts even increased 3-5 times. Furthermore, an intensification of glucose metabolism was recorded. No adverse effects were observed post-treatment. After treatment, improvements in cognitive and language functions were noted according to the Bayley scale (a cognitive function assessment scale), with children being able to communicate two or three words, and motor functions also showed improvement. Conclusion: Growth factor therapy in cerebral palsy produced neuroregenerative effects, improved brain plasticity, stimulated mobility and motor skills, and recorded improvements in cognitive and language domains.