Caracteristica imunohistochimică a celulelor mononucleare în carcinomul de prostată

Abstract

Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men. The immune profile of mononuclear cells within the tumor microenvironment influences progression, metastasis, and therapeutic response. Material and methods This narrative review synthesized data from scientific literature indexed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to 2025, including original studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. The markers assessed included: CD3, CD20, CD68, CD163, Ki67, E-cadherin, p53, BCL2, p57, AR, ER, PR, and HER2. Results CD3, CD20, CD68, and CD163 characterize the distribution of T cells, B cells, and macrophages. Ki67 and E-cadherin correlate with tumor aggressiveness. Expression of apoptotic markers (p53, BCL2, p57) and hormonal markers (AR, ER, PR, HER2) provides additional information for prognostic stratification. The observed correlations suggest an interdependence between the immune microenvironment and hormonal receptor expression. Conclusions An extended panel of immunohistochemical markers is essential for assessing the tumor microenvironment in PCa, to support diagnosis, prognostic evaluation, and personalized therapeutic strategies.