Differentiated medical-surgical tactics in primary colon neoformations: Summary of PhD Thesis of Medical Sciences: 321.13 – Surgery

Abstract

Ursu Alexandr „Differentiated medical-surgical tactics in primary colon neoformations”. Thesis for obtaining the scientific title of PhD in Medical Sciences, Chișinău, 2026. The thesis is presented on 182 pages, consists of introduction, 5 chapters, general conclusions, practical recommendations, 25 tables, 43 figures, 184 bibliographical sources. 36 scientific papers have been published on the thesis topic. Key words: primary colonic neoformations, colorectal cancer, risk factors, biomarkers, colonoscopy, endoscopic treatment, surgical treatment, histological examination, follow-up. Field of study: 321.13 – surgery. Research aim: To improve the results of the treatment of colonic neoplasms by identifying optimal diagnostic methods and therapeutic procedures for structuring differentiated curative conduct. Objectives of the research: (1) Correlational analysis of clinical and paraclinical manifestations of colonic neoformations predictive of the malignant process. (2) Study of morphological and histological aspects of primary colonic neoformations. (3) Argumentation and correlation of types of surgical interventions according to clinical and morphopathological data in patients with primary colonic neoformations. (4) Structuring a screening algorithm, which would improve early detection of colorectal cancer and its preoperative staging. (5) Identification of genomic markers predictive of colorectal cancer. Novelty and originality of the research: Based on the complex clinical-paraclinical examination, the evolutionary peculiarities of colonic neoformations depending on age, the anatomical-topographic specimen of the lesional area were determined and confirmed. The data obtained became an objective substrate in improving the pre-, intra- and postoperative diagnostic-curative conduct in patients with colon neoformations. The complex of criteria in the differentiated selection of patients for various methods of surgical treatment was established. The risk factors for malignant colonic neoformations were systematized, and some predictive markers of CRC were determined and studied, highlighting the molecular profile of CRC. The research has created the foundation for screening programs that can ensure periodic follow-up of individuals with positive tests or increased risk factors, diagnostic examination, and prompt treatment of colonic neoplasms. A consensus has been developed regarding the determinants of differentiated therapeutic approach in colonic neoplasms. The application of these scientific results: Based on this doctoral research, new methods of diagnosis and treatment of patients with primary colonic neoformations were implemented in the surgery and endoscopy departments of the Institute of Emergency Medicine (Chișinău, Republic of Moldova) and in the teaching process at the Department of Surgery No. 1 „Nicolae Anestiadi” of the IP „Nicolae Testemițanu” State University of Medicine and Pharmacy in the Republic of Moldova.