The impact of hematological biomarkers on the diagnostic process in Emergency Care

Abstract

Background. Blood biomarkers play a key role in the evaluation of critically ill patients, enabling early diagnosis and prompt initiation of treatment. Within the ED of the IMSP Institute of Emergency Medicine (IEM), their integration optimizes clinical decision-making and enhances the efficiency of medical care. Objective(s). Assessment of the frequency and distribution of blood biomarker use in the ED of the Institute of Emergency Medicine, by triage level, and their impact on clinical and diagnostic decisions. Materials and methods. Throughout 2024, a total of 80080 visits were recorded in the Emergency Department. Patient distribution by triage zone was as follows: red zone – 2,7%, yellow zone – 17,9%, green zone – 30,2%, and blue zone – 38,9%. Based on medical records and laboratory registers, the number of patients tested with blood biomarkers in the ED was estimated. Results. In 2024, out of 80080 ED visits, 15,36% of patients were tested for blood biomarkers: red zone – 1930 patients (15,7%), yellow zone – 7175 (58,3%), green zone – 2594 (21,1%), and blue zone – 603 (4,9%). Troponin was tested in 3776 patients, with elevated levels (> 0,04 ng/mL) in 10,5%, suggesting myocardial injury. CK-MB was measured in 3356 patients, with 24% showing positive Results. s (> 7,0 ng/mL). Myoglobin was tested in 3320 patients, with elevated levels (> 70 ng/mL) in 34,9%. D-dimer was performed in 1850 patients, with 43,8% having values above the reference threshold (> 500 ng/mL), indicating a potential thromboembolic risk. Conclusion(s). The use of blood biomarkers is correlated with the level of urgency, highlighting their importance in the early identification of critical conditions. The implementation of standardized protocols can significantly improve the accuracy of clinical decisions and therapeutic management in the ED.