Oncological complications

Abstract

Background. Oncological complications represent a constant challenge in medical practice, negatively impacting both patients’ quality of life and life expectancy. Disease progression and oncological treatments are associated with a certain degree of toxicity, requiring close monitoring and a multidisciplinary approach. Objective(s). The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and severity of the main oncological complications, including surgical, therapeutic, and those arising during the course of the disease. Materials and methods. A systematic analysis of scientific literature published in the last 10 years was conducted by consulting the PubMed, NCBI, and ScienceDirect databases. Relevant articles were selected that describe complications arising after oncological therapy and their effects on the clinical and functional status of patients. Results. It was observed that the incidence of oncological complications varies depending on the type of therapy administered. Chemotherapy was frequently associated with febrile neutropenia, hepatic toxicity, renal dysfunction, and tumor lysis syndrome. Radiotherapy caused skin reactions, post-radiation pneumonitis, oropharyngeal mucositis, acute skin responses, and central nervous system toxicity. Surgical interventions were correlated with liquid, non-liquid, or mixed-type complications, such as fistulas, abscesses, hemorrhages, vascular complications, and regional nerve injuries especially in the context of multimodal therapies. Conclusion(s). The management of oncological complications remains a complex and challenging field, requiring constant updates of clinical protocols. The implementation of standardized guidelines and the personalization of treatment have proven essential for reducing risks and improving therapeutic outcomes.