Particularities of joint affection in osteoarthrosis deformants in different age groups

Abstract

Background. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease affecting the cartilage and subchondral bone. Its incidence is increasing among young adults due to obesity, mechanical overload, and genetic factors. Reevaluation of clinical manifestations, early diagnosis, and tailored treatment are essential. Objective(s). Evaluation of joint damage in deforming osteoarthritis in patients between 30–50 years old, analyzing clinical forms and the correlation between age, involved joints, and severity of symptoms. Materials and methods. Cross-sectional observational study including 55 patients with deforming osteoarthritis. All underwent full clinical evaluation and paraclinical tests. Data collected: history, joint exam, pain scores, imaging. The study group was divided as follows: Group I: 30–45 years (23 pts, 42%); Group II: 45–50 years (32 pts, 58%). Results. In Group I (30–45 years), localized forms predominated: rhizarthrosis (30%), linked to repetitive hand activities; cervical spondylosis (26%), associated with poor posture; and gonarthrosis (22%), frequently seen in overweight patients or those with intense physical effort. In Group II (45–50 years), combined forms were more common, with gonarthrosis (38%), lumbar spondyloarthrosis (28%), and nodal hand osteoarthritis (18%). Polyarticular forms were present in 34%, indicating progression of joint involvement with age. Common risk factors included overweight, occupational overuse, traumatic history, and genetic predisposition. Conclusion(s). The study results highlighted differences in deforming osteoarthritis across age groups. Localized forms predominated at 30–45 years, while joint involvement expanded at 45–50 years. The findings emphasize the importance of early diagnosis, prevention, and personalized treatment.