Rezultatele perinatale la mamele cu dereglări hipertensive

Abstract

Background: Hypertensive disorders (HD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are common extragenital conditions during pregnancy and are associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Objective: To assess perinatal outcomes in newborns of mothers with hypertensive disorders, with or without associated diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: A total of 91 pregnant women with extragenital pathology and their 93 newborns were included in the study. The women were divided into two groups: group 1 comprised 61 women with hypertensive disorders (HD) only, and group 2 included 30 women with HD associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). Maternal, obstetric, and neonatal outcomes were analyzed. Results: Hypertensive disorders were present in 98.9% of cases, while diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in 35.2% of women, predominantly gestational diabetes (87.5%). Pregnancy was frequently complicated by anemia (42.1%) and obesity (38.2%). Preterm birth occurred in 29.7% of cases, more frequently in the HD group (32.8%) than in the HD and DM group (23.3%). The mean gestational age was 37.67 ± 2.44 weeks. Newborns of mothers with HD and DM had a significantly higher mean birth weight compared to those born to mothers with HD only (3402 ± 832.27 g vs. 3023.29 ± 782.83 g, p < 0.05). Low birth weight (<2500 g) was more common in the HD group (22.3%), whereas macrosomia (>4000 g) predominated in the HD and DM group (26.7%). Overall, 65.6% of newborns presented neonatal pathology, most commonly intrauterine growth restriction and malnutrition (34.4%), infections (21.3%), glucose metabolism disorders (21.3%), and complications of prematurity (19.7%). Conclusions: Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, particularly when associated with diabetes mellitus, significantly influence neonatal birth weight and perinatal morbidity. These findings highlight the importance of careful antenatal monitoring in this high-risk population.