The importance of periodontal status in prosthetic rehabilitation

Abstract

Background. Periodontal disease is one of the most prevalent chronic conditions worldwide and a leading cause of tooth loss in adults. Periodontal status represents a critical biological determinant in prosthetic treatment planning and prognosis, directly influencing the stability of tooth- and implant-supported restorations. The impact of periodontitis on oral function, aesthetics, and quality of life necessitates the integration of periodontal evaluation into prosthetic decision-making. Objective of the study. To analyze the importance of periodontal status in the planning and success of prosthetic rehabilitation in patients with periodontitis. Material and methods. A narrative review of recent literature was conducted, including 20 comparative studies and systematic reviews assessing the relationship between periodontal parameters (PPD, CAL, bone loss) and prosthetic outcomes. Data regarding implant survival, fixed restoration longevity, biological complications, and the role of pre-prosthetic periodontal therapy were evaluated. Results. Evidence indicates that achieving a favorable periodontal status prior to prosthetic treatment significantly increases restoration predictability and longevity. Non-surgical therapy reduces inflammation and pocket depth, while regenerative procedures improve bone support necessary for rehabilitation. Control of risk factors such as smoking, diabetes, and poor oral hygiene substantially affects outcomes. Under controlled periodontal conditions, implant survival rates exceed 90–95% at 5–10 years, whereas uncontrolled disease is associated with markedly lower success rates. Conclusions. Periodontal status is a key determinant of prosthetic rehabilitation success. Integrating periodontal therapy and long-term maintenance into prosthetic planning ensures functional and biologically stable outcomes.