Assessment of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding oral health in different population groups

Abstract

Introduction. Oral health is an essential component of overall health and well-being. The levels of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to oral health are key determinants in the prevention of dental and periodontal diseases. Assessing these aspects across different population groups is crucial for identifying specific educational needs and developing effective strategies for the promotion and maintenance of oral health. Materials and methods. Data from scientific publications indexed in PubMed, Hinari, SpringerLink, NCBI, and Medline databases were analyzed. The selection criteria included current evidence regarding oral health knowledge, attitudes, and practices among different population groups. Observational, cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative studies, as well as meta-analyses published between 2005 and 2026, were included. Results. The vast majority of the adult population (>90%) demonstrated a high level of oral health knowledge; however, fewer than half exhibited positive attitudes and appropriate behaviors necessary for proper oral care. Among adolescents, the proportion of individuals with satisfactory oral health knowledge ranged from 59% to 77%, while positive attitudes ranged from 57% to 92%. Female adolescents showed significantly better knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to oral health compared with their male counterparts. Dental students demonstrated higher levels of oral health knowledge and more positive attitudes than students from other academic disciplines, with significant improvements observed alongside academic progression and increasing clinical experience. They were better trained in toothbrushing techniques, reported a higher frequency of toothbrushing, used supplementary oral hygiene products more frequently, had a lower prevalence of gingival diseases, and attended preventive dental check-ups more regularly. Conclusions. Although oral health knowledge is generally satisfactory, it is not always reflected in appropriate oral health behaviors. The implementation of oral health education programs at all educational levels is essential for improving oral hygiene practices and promoting the overall health of the population.