Sun protection factor use and awareness of UV risks in Armenia

Abstract

Introduction In recent years, climate change and depletion of the ozone layer have led to increased exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Consequently, human health, particularly the skin and eyes are at greater risk. Despite this, many individuals underestimate the harmful effects of sun exposure and fail to use sun protection products regularly. This issue is especially concerning for children and adolescents, whose skin is more sensitive and more susceptible to damage. Moreover, epidemiological data indicate a steady increase in the incidence of skin cancer, highlighting the seriousness of the problem. Therefore, the use of sun protection products is not merely a cosmetic practice but an essential preventive health measure. Increasing public awareness and promoting appropriate sun-protection habits are important public health priorities. Aim of the study To assess how often and under what circumstances people use products with sun protection factor (SPF) and to assess their attitudes towards their use. Data collection was carried out using an anonymously distributed structured questionnaire. The questionnaire included questions on the frequency of SPF use, level of knowledge about the health risks related to UV radiation, awareness of application and correct reapplication of SPF. The collected data were processed and analyzed using basic statistical methods. Descriptive statistics, including percentage distribution and comparative analysis, were used to summarize the participants’ responses and to identify trends in the use and awareness of the need to use products with SPF. Material and methods A total of 114 individuals participated in the survey. Data were analyzed using basic statistical methods, including percentage distribution and comparative analysis. Ethical standards were maintained throughout the study, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of all participants. Results The findings demonstrated that SPF use among the population of Armenia is insufficient. Although some respondents were aware of the harmful effects of UV radiation, the use of sun protection products was largely irregular and seasonal. SPF was applied only during summer months by 35.8% of respondents and only under intense sun exposure by 14.7%, indicating limited understanding of the need for consistent use. Furthermore, 49.5% of participants lacked adequate knowledge regarding correct application, particularly the necessity of reapplication. The main reasons for not using SPF products included insufficient awareness, underestimation of their importance, and, in some cases, financial or accessibility limitations. Conclusion Although a certain level of awareness exists, it remains inadequate. Educational and informational interventions are necessary to improve public knowledge and encourage responsible SPF use. Enhancing accessibility and promoting convenient formulations, such as sprays for the body and lightweight or gel-based products for the face, may contribute to more consistent use.