Morfologia sistemului imunitar al complexului funiculotesticular la om în diferite perioade ale ontogenezei

Abstract

Scopul acestei investigații constă în cercetarea particularităților morfologice, topografice și morfometrice ale nodulilor limfoizi ai complexului funiculotesticular, care infl uențează funcția reproductivă a testiculului în diferite perioade ale ontogenezei. Evidențierea nodulilor limfoizi s-a efectuat prin metoda macromicroscopică de cercetare a pieselor anatomice totale colorate cu reactivul Schiff. Structura lor s-a studiat prin metode histologice contemporane. Utilizarea metodei de colorare a pieselor anatomice totale ne-a permis să depistăm, în premieră, nodulii limfoizi în structura complexului funiculotesticular, care sunt localizați printre elementele cordonului spermatic și în tunicile vaginală, albuginee și dartos. Preponderent, nodulii sunt localizați de-a lungul vaselor sangvine și celor limfatice, peri- și paravasal, și în componența patului microcirculator, fiind considerați drept componente ale rețelei microcirculatorii limfatice.În conformitate cu rezultatele obținute, cea mai înaltă frecvență a depistării și cel mai mare număr de noduli limfoizi s-a constatat în perioadele de vârstă prenatală și cea pubertară. Descreșterea numărului nodulilor limfoizi se observă în perioada juvenilă, la vârsta de 20-25 ani. Analiza rezultatelor proprii și confruntarea lor cu datele literaturii, denotă că nodulii limfoizi ai complexului funiculotesticular la om apar cu mult mai timpuriu decât în alte organe. Primii noduli se depistează la luna a 4-5-a a dezvoltării intrauterine. Totalitatea nodulilor limfoizi ai complexului funiculotesticular formează un sistem unic imunitar ce reprezintă prima barieră a protecției imune, care efectuează controlul imun al sângelui ce circulă spre și de la testicul.

The purpose of the present research consisted in one study of morphological, topographical and morphometrical features of the lymph nodes of the funicletesticular complex, depending on the reproductive function of the testis in different periods of the ontogenesis. The lymph nodes were highlighted using the Schiff reagent for total anatomical staining by macromicroscopical method. The structure of the lymph nodes was studied by modern histological techniques. The results of the multilateral study of total anatomical preparation in the macromicroscopical field of view have shown, for the fi rst time, the lymph nodes among the elements of the funicletesticular complex. They were localized in the thickness of the vaginal,dartos and albuginea scrotal layers and among the elements of the spermatic cord. Predominantly the lymph nodes were arranged along of the blood vessels and in the course of the lymph vessels, being considered as components of the lymphatic microcirculatory bed. According to received results, a higher amount of lymph nodes was found during the prenatal and puberty periods. The reduction of the lymph nodes number was observed in the juvenile period of live (2025 years old). The relationship of the proper results and bibliographic data has proved that apparition lymph nodes of the funicletesticular complex is much earlier than in other organs. The first lymph nodes were revealed in the 4th -5th month of the intrauterine live. The totality of the lymph nodes of the funicletesticular complex represents the special immune system that controls the inflow and outflow of the testicular blood.

Целью настоящего исследования является определение топографических, морфометрических и морфологических особенностей лимфоидных узелков фуникулотестикулярного комплекса в различные периоды онтогенеза, которые, в свою очередь, влияют на репродуктивную функцию половой железы. Исследование выполнено современными, комплексными макромикроскопическими, гистологическими и морфометрическими методами исследования. Лимфоидные узелки выявлялись методом окрашивания тотальных анатомических препаратов реактивом Шиффа. Применение данного метода позволило впервые выявить в составе фуникулотестикулярного комплекса лимфоидные узелки, которые локализованы, в основном, среди элементов семенного канатика и в мясистой, влагалищной и белочной оболочках яичка. Для них характерна тесная связь с элементами микроциркуляторного русла, а также их расположение по ходу кровеносных и лимфатических сосудов, пери- и паравазально и среди петель лозевидного сплетения. Наибольшее количество лимфоидных узелков выявляется в конце пренатального периода развития и в период полового созревания. И в отличие от органов других систем, для лимфоидного аппарата фуникулотестикулярного комплекса характерно очень раннее появление узелков. Первые узелки выявляются на 4-5 месяце внутриутробного развития. Согласно полученным результатам, наибольшая частота выявления узелков соответствует второй половине внутриутробного развития и пубертатному периоду. Начиная с 22-35 лет отмечается явное снижение их количества. Лимфоидные узелки оболочек яичка и семенного канатика представляют собой лимфоидный очаг фуникулотестикулярного комплекса, которые осуществляют иммунный контроль крови, циркулирующей через яичко, что способствует нормальной реализации репродуктивной функции железы.

The purpose of the present research consisted in one study of morphological, topographical and morphometrical features of the lymph nodes of the funicletesticular complex, depending on the reproductive function of the testis in different periods of the ontogenesis. The lymph nodes were highlighted using the Schiff reagent for total anatomical staining by macromicroscopical method. The structure of the lymph nodes was studied by modern histological techniques. The results of the multilateral study of total anatomical preparation in the macromicroscopical field of view have shown, for the fi rst time, the lymph nodes among the elements of the funicletesticular complex. They were localized in the thickness of the vaginal,dartos and albuginea scrotal layers and among the elements of the spermatic cord. Predominantly the lymph nodes were arranged along of the blood vessels and in the course of the lymph vessels, being considered as components of the lymphatic microcirculatory bed. According to received results, a higher amount of lymph nodes was found during the prenatal and puberty periods. The reduction of the lymph nodes number was observed in the juvenile period of live (2025 years old). The relationship of the proper results and bibliographic data has proved that apparition lymph nodes of the funicletesticular complex is much earlier than in other organs. The first lymph nodes were revealed in the 4th -5th month of the intrauterine live. The totality of the lymph nodes of the funicletesticular complex represents the special immune system that controls the inflow and outflow of the testicular blood.