Metode contemporane de diagnostic a tuberculozei

Abstract

Introduction. Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem in the 21st century and the biggest cause of deaths due to a single infectious agent worldwide. Classical diagnostic methods require considerable time to obtain results, but with the emergence of resistance to antituberculosis drugs requires the development of new diagnostic methods. Purpose. Studying new methods for diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis with faster laboratory results than M. tuberculosis. Material and methods. Materials were analyzed using the Hinari, Google academic and Pub Med databases, with reference to contemporary methods of diagnosing TB. Results. A contemporary method of diagnosis is spolingotyping, a hybridization method that detects variability in directly repetitive fragments of M.tuberculosis DNA, involving a PCR reaction -Images 1 and2. The result is obtained on the same day. Recently, the LAMLipoarabinomannan test appeared, which is a rapid test using monoclonal antibodies with affinates for LAM in the urine. Test sensitivity 93%, specificity 87-99%. There is also a biochemical test such as immunochromatography, which can detect mycobacterial strains in less than 15 minutes- Image 3. Conclusions. At the moment, in the Republic of Moldova mainly are used classical methods, which require considerable time in releasing the results, therefore new methods are needed for a faster diagnosis and which will increase the sensitivity and specificity.