Pleural haemothorax. Etiology. Diagnosis. Treatment

Abstract

Introduction. The treatment of pleural haemothorax, especially in the associated traumas of other organs is complex and has priority. The surgical and medical techniques used to treat pleural hemothorax are based on clinical data corroborated with imaging examinations and the results of pleural puncture. Purpose. The systematization and analysis of bibliographic sources and own study in which the pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical, laboratory, imaging features in children with pleural hemothorax to improve treatment. Material and methods. An analysis of the literature and own study on the impact of thoracic trauma and surgical drainage in pleural hemothorax was performed on a 17-year-old child admitted to the National Scientific-Practical Center for Pediatric Surgery "Academician N. Gheorghiu". Results. Based on sources in the field, we have established that hemothorax is of global health importance. The main cause is damage to intrathoracic structures. While non-traumatic hemothorax has complications of several pathologies. Identification of causal factors, multidisciplinary diagnosis and rapid initiation of treatment are essential in the management of hemothorax in children. Conclusions. Systematizing the accumulated information, we developed an algorithm for diagnosing pleural hemothorax in children. It includes: clinical, physical, imaging signs and results of pleural puncture. Based on the literature, the treatment methods were established: thoracentesis, pleural drainage.In cases of massive hemothorax, especially in the presence of blood clots, which occupy more than> 30% of the hemithorax, there are used a large caliber polyethylene tube drains. Currently, the surgery is rarely performed other than in cases of complications with pleural empyema or the presence of foreign bodies located in the pleural cavity.